FIGURE 1.

Astaxanthin (Ax) alleviated hepatic damage in mice fed with HFD by regulating lipid metabolism, fibrosis, and inflammation. (a) Experimental flow chart; (b) food intake; (c) body weight; (d) liver weight and liver index; (e) serum ALT and AST levels; (f) serum TG levels; (g) H&E staining (×200) of livers (positive cells were marked by arrows; central veins were marked as Δ); (h) Relative expression of apoptotic mRNA; (i) Expression of apoptotic proteins; (j) Masson staining and TUNEL staining (×200) of livers (central veins were marked as Δ); (k) Oil Red O staining (×200) of livers (central veins were marked as Δ); (l) H&E staining (×200) of WAT; (m) Relative expressions of lipogenesis‐related genes in livers; (n) Serum ELISA levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β and expression of mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory genes; (o) Expression of mRNA and protein levels of profibrotic genes. Data shown are means ± SEM; n = 7 in each group. ^# P<.05, significantly different from control, ^* P<.05, significantly different from HFD