Table 3.
Activation percentage indexes (API) and Z scores of the Forward Propulsive Module activation profile during the gait phases for persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) at baseline (T0) and after treatment (T1).
| Parameters | HS Mean (95% CI) | PwMS Mean (95% CI) | PwMS Z-score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speed-Matched at T0 | Speed-Matched at T1 | T0 | T1 | T0 | T1 | ||
| P1 Early Stance |
[%] | 10.4 (8.0, 12.8) | 7.3 (5.4, 9.2)* | 15.6 (10.9, 20.3) | 16.7 (12.4, 21.1)+ | 1.57 (0.14, 3.00) | 3.61 (1.94, 5.27)a |
| P2 Mid Stance |
[%] | 23.4 (19.5, 27.4) | 26.0 (22.1, 29.8) | 18.1 (13.8, 22.4) | 22.7 (15.4, 29.9) | −0.96 (−1.72, −0.19) | −0.62 (−1.96, 0.72) |
| P3 Terminal Stance |
[%] | 51.8 (46.8, 56.8) | 53.9 (50.3, 57.6) | 41.0 (33.8, 48.2)+ | 38.2 (32.1, 44.4)+ | −1.55 (−2.58, −0.52) | −3.06 (−4.26, −1.86)a |
| P4 Pre Swing |
[%] | 7.2 (4.4, 10.1) | 7.0 (3.4, 10.5) | 12.5 (5.7, 19.3) | 9.0 (2.7, 15.3)* | 1.32 (−0.37, 3.02) | 0.40 (−0.87, 1.67)a |
| P5 Early Swing |
[%] | 3.2 (1.5, 4.9) | 3.1 (1.6, 4.5) | 3.6 (2.0, 5.2) | 6.0 (2.5, 9.4) | 0.16 (−0.49, 0.82) | 1.40 (−0.28, 3.09) |
| P6 Late Swing |
[%] | 3.9 (1.6, 6.3) | 2.8 (1.3, 4.3) | 9.2 (6.3, 12.2)+ | 7.4 (4.7, 10.2)+ | 1.64 (0.74, 2.54) | 2.22 (0.90, 3.53) |
The same indexes are reported for the two speed-matched datasets of healthy subjects (HS).
+
P < 0.05 at unpaired t-test between PwMS and HS before (pre) or after treatment (post).
*
P < 0.05 at paired t-test within group before (pre) vs. after treatment (post).
a
P < 0.05 at paired t-test within group before (pre) vs. after treatment (post) for the z-score of gait parameters.