Table 4.
Activation percentage index (API) and Z scores of the Ground Clearance Module activation profile during the gait phases for persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) at baseline (T0) and after treatment (T1).
| Parameters | HS Mean (95% CI) | PwMS Mean (95% CI) | PwMS Z-score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speed-Matched at T0 | Speed-Matched at T1 | T0 | T1 | T0 | T1 | ||
| P1 Early Stance |
[%] | 26.4 (17.7–35.1) | 20.8 (12.1–29.6)* | 16.3 (9.8–22.9)+ | 14.3 (9.6–19.0) | −0.90 (−1.40, −0.41) | −0.53 (−0.92, −0.15)a |
| P2 Mid Stance |
[%] | 10.3 (6.2–14.4) | 11.2 (7.7–14.8) | 8.0 (4.0–11.9) | 9.2 (5.9–12.5) | −0.67 (1.12, −0.22) | −0.41 (−1.07, 0.26) |
| P3 Terminal Stance |
[%] | 8.4 (6.0–10.8) | 7.3 (5.1–9.4) | 6.4 (4.9–8.0) | 7.2 (4.0–10.4) | −0.26 (−0.68, 0.16) | −0.01 (−1.06, 1.04) |
| P4 Pre Swing |
[%] | 6.6 (2.9–10.2) | 6.2 (3.7–8.7) | 26.7 (18.2–35.3)+ | 24.5 (18.2–30.7)+ | 10.66 (7.17, 14.15) | 5.18 (3.41, 6.96)a |
| P5 Early Swing |
[%] | 25.3 (18.6–32.1) | 30.3 (23.0–37.5)* | 23.0 (17.2–28.8) | 22.4 (18.2–26.7)+ | −0.32 (−0.94, 0.30) | −0.77 (−1.19, −0.36)a |
| P6 Late Swing |
[%] | 23.0 (16.5–29.5) | 24.2 (19.5–28.8) | 19.5 (13.1–25.9) | 22.3 (18.1–26.6) | −0.37 (−1.07, 0.32) | −0.29 (−0.94, 0.37) |
The same indexes are reported for the two speed-matched groups of healthy subjects (HS).
+
P < 0.05 at unpaired t-test between PwMS and HS before (pre) or after treatment (post).
*
P < 0.05 at paired t-test within group before (pre) vs. after treatment (post).
a
P < 0.05 at paired t-test within group before (pre) vs. after treatment (post) for the z-score of gait parameters.