Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of all study participants.
| MDDa (N = 27) | BDb (N = 29) | Healthy controlsc (N = 33) | P | Post-hoc (Bonferroni) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34.67 ± 17.44 | 33.86 ± 14.71 | 29.85 ± 5.80 | 0.313 | |
| Sex | 0.849 | ||||
| Male | 11 (40.7) | 14 (48.3) | 15 (45.5) | ||
| Female | 16 (59.3) | 15 (51.7) | 18 (54.5) | ||
| Education (years) | 10.48 ± 3.17 | 11.45 ± 2.60 | 15.82 ± 1.90 | < 0.001 | a < c, b < c |
| Onset age (years) | 32.67 ± 16.26 | 23.66 ± 10.29 | 0.016 | ||
| Duration of illness (months) | 26.63 ± 38.70 | 118.72 ± 123.25 | < 0.001 | ||
| STAI state | 65.33 ± 9.03 | 59.34 ± 10.69 | 30.91 ± 8.79 | < 0.001 | a > c, b > c |
| STAI trait | 64.96 ± 6.33 | 59.38 ± 11.52 | 33.85 ± 8.35 | < 0.001 | a > c, b > c |
| BDI | 55.93 ± 7.05 | 53.48 ± 11.98 | 21.33 ± 0.60 | < 0.001 | a > c, b > c |
| MDQ | 0.41 ± 0.75 | 8.72 ± 1.73 | 0.06 ± 0.24 | < 0.001 | a < b, c < b |
| GAF | 88.89 ± 7.76 | 83.28 ± 8.27 | 96.21 ± 4.34 | < 0.001 | a > b, a < c, b < c |
| SAS | 35.63 ± 8.19 | 43.14 ± 9.99 | 25.73 ± 4.79 | < 0.001 | a < b, a > c, b > c |
| SFQ | 14.11 ± 3.93 | 23.03 ± 4.14 | 8.45 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 | a < b, a > c, b > c |
MDD major depressive disorder, BD bipolar disorder, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, MDQ Mood Disorder Questionnaire, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning, SAS: Social Adjustment Scale, SFQ: Social Functioning Questionnaire.