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. 2020 Jul 30;10:12854. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69864-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Schematic of the oblique angle sputtering setup used for the decoration of Si nanowires arrays and a representative scheme (b) of the Er atoms occupying substitutional positions into the Y₂O₃ matrix. SEM microscopy of Si NWs arrays before and after decoration with Er:Y₂O₃ at an angle of 15° acquired in cross section (c, d) and in plan view (e, f), respectively.