Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics in CTO patients of each therapeutic group.
| Variable | MT (A) | PCI (B) | CABG (C) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 800) | (n = 734) | (n = 121) | Overall | B vs. A | C vs. A | C vs. B | |
| Age, years | 64.8 ± 10.7 | 63.2 ± 9.7 | 63.0 ± 9.4 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.046 | 0.995 |
| Male, % | 623 (77.9) | 572 (77.9) | 97 (80.2) | 0.845 | 0.980 | 0.570 | 0.581 |
| Smoking, % | 326 (40.8) | 309 (42.1) | 48 (39.7) | 0.809 | 0.592 | 0.822 | 0.616 |
| Hypertension, % | 548 (68.5) | 482 (65.7) | 75 (62.0) | 0.480 | 0.255 | 0.153 | 0.431 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 290 (36.3) | 252 (34.3) | 50 (41.3) | 0.350 | 0.307 | 0.281 | 0.136 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 577 (72.1) | 536 (73.0) | 97 (80.2) | 0.263 | 0.388 | 0.104 | 0.235 |
| TC, (m mol/L) | 4.64 ± 1.28 | 4.50 ± 1.34 | 4.61 ± 1.30 | 0.029 | 0.009 | 0.672 | 0.320 |
| TG, (m mol/L) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.5 (1.1–2.4) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 0.632 | 0.856 | 0.363 | 0.309 |
| HDL-C, (m mol/L) | 1.24 ± 0.38 | 1.29 ± 0.69 | 1.19 ± 0.33 | <0.001 | 0.049 | 0.095 | 0.046 |
| LDL-C, (m mol/L) | 2.77 ± 0.87 | 2.58 ± 0.94 | 2.75 ± 0.92 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.944 | 0.175 |
| Familial history of CAD, % | 93 (11.6) | 96 (14.1) | 28 (23.1) | 0.002 | 0.387 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| Previous MI, % | 406 (50.8) | 320 (43.6) | 58 (47.9) | 0.020 | 0.005 | 0.564 | 0.373 |
| Previous PCI, % | 78 (9.8) | 105 (14.3) | 14 (11.6) | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.534 | 0.421 |
| CKD, % | 83 (10.3) | 51 (6.9) | 8 (6.6) | 0.041 | 0.018 | 0.196 | 0.892 |
| LVEF, % | 51.7 ± 9.6 | 54.1 ± 8.1 | 51.7 ± 9.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.856 | 0.009 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MT, medical therapy; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglyceride.