Table 1.
Demographic information for the subsets of children having Y2 and Y5 cognitive outcomes.
| Y2 Outcomes N = 53 | Y5 Outcomes N = 36 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or N (%), observed range | ||
| Maternal variables | ||
| Maternal age in 1st trimester, years | 28.1 ± 4.9 | 27.5 ± 5.9 |
| SES index (education and income) | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-hispanic White | 22 (42 %) | 14 (39 %) |
| Hispanic White | 15 (28 %) | 12 (33 %) |
| Other | 12 (22 %) | 9 (25 %) |
| Missing | 4 (8 %) | 1 (3 %) |
| Educational level | ||
| Less than high school | 2 (4 %) | 2 (5 %) |
| High school | 8 (15 %) | 8 (22 %) |
| Partial college or specialized training | 25 (47 %) | 16 (44 %) |
| Associate/Bachelor’s degree | 10 (19 %) | 6 (17 %) |
| Advanced | 6 (11 %) | 4 (11 %) |
| Yearly income per household | ||
| Below $15,000 | 6 (11 %) | 3 (8 %) |
| $15,000–$29,999 | 10 (19 %) | 9 (25 %) |
| $30,000–$49,999 | 14 (26 %) | 10 (28 %) |
| $50,000–$100,000 | 17 (32 %) | 9 (24 %) |
| Over $100,000 | 5 (9 %) | 4 (11 %) |
| Missing | 1 (2 %) | 1 (3%) |
| Birth outcomes and child variables | ||
| Gestational age at birth, weeks | 39.0 ± 1.6, 35–42 | 38.9 ± 1.3, 35–42 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3290 ± 532, 1786–4906 | 3300 ± 573, 1786–4906 |
| Age at MRI scan, days | 27.6 ± 12.6, 8–64 | 27.3 ± 13, 8–64 |
| Child sex (male) | 33 (62 %) | 23 (64 %) |
| Total brain volume (cm3) | 427.86 ± 48.16 | 425.81 ± 50.66 |
| Intracranial volume (cm3) | 486.68 ± 58.77 | 486.16 ± 63.05 |
| Grey matter volume (cm3) | 262.33 ± 33.22 | 260.77 ± 34.77 |
| White matter volume (cm3) | 165.11 ± 18.95 | 165.04 ± 18.98 |
| Hippocampal volume, total (cm3) | 2.36 ± 0.27 | 2.34 ± 0.27 |
| Anterior cingulate gyri volume, total (cm3) | 3.36 ± 0.51 | 3.34 ± 0.56 |
| M6 Maternal sensitivity | 10.5 ± 2.6, 5–15 | 10.6 ± 2.6, 5–15 |
| Y2 Cognitive performance | ||
| Working memory (Spin the Pots) | 8.6 ± 4.2, 3–16 | |
| Inhibitory control (Snack Delay) | 5.3 ± 2.7, 1–9 | |
| Set-shifting (MEFS) (N = 33) | 11.3 ± 4.0, 5–19 | |
| Y5 Cognitive performance | ||
| General Abilities Index, z score (N = 27) | 92 ± 17, ± 57–124 | |
| Inhibition (EF Touch Arrows) | 0.75 ± 0.18, 0.33–1.00 | |
| Set-shifting (MEFS), z score | 98 ± 9, 76–120 | |
All the differences between the samples p > 0.05.