Table 2.

Multivariable General Linear Models for the Interaction of Newborn Total Brain Volume and Maternal Sensitivity in Predicting Cognitive Outcomes across Early Childhood.

	Unstandardized Beta Coefficients (Standard Error)
	Y2 WM	Y2 IC	Y2 SS	Y5 GAI	Y5 ICa	Y5 SS
Intercept	4.89 (20.31)	1.19 (13.40)	1.71 (24.71)	67.00 (14.94)	0.34 (0.06)	93.30 (6.67)
Child sex (ref: female)	–0.88 (1.26)	0.14 (0.81)	–0.84 (1.67)	0.19 (5.99)	0.02 (0.02)	–4.61 (2.80)
Maternal education (ref: advanced)
Less than high school	5.26 (3.29)	–2.55 (2.17)	2.58 (4.17)	–7.56 (14.89)	0.04 (0.04)	–8.13 (6.90)
High school	0.77 (2.36)	3.29 (1.47)	−1.18 (2.65)	–11.79 (12.48)	0.01 (0.03)	–7.19 (5.06)
Partial college	1.51 (1.97)	0.83 (1.22)	0.34 (2.09)	–8.75 (11.30)	0.01 (0.03)	–9.88 (4.48)
Associates or Bachelor‘s degree	3.71 (2.20)	0.88 (1.41)	2.72 (2.36)	–6.58 (12.80)	–0.01 (0.03)	–10.27 (5.43)
Age at assessmentb	0.03 (0.81)	0.06 (0.53)	0.21 (0.99)	–	–0.05 (0.01)	–
TBVcorr	–5.69 (2.30)	–1.21 (1.47)	–3.30 (2.82)	–33.74 (10.87)	–0.10 (0.03)	–23.07 (5.95)
M6 Maternal Sensitivity	0.16 (0.24)	0.14 (0.15)	0.38 (0.26)	2.90 (1.06)	–0.001 (0.003)	1.42 (0.56)
TBVcorr. × M6 Maternal Sensitivity	0.59 (0.22)	0.10 (0.45)	0.45 (0.25)	3.29 (1.03)	0.008 (0.003)	2.14 (0.57)
P value for the interaction term	0.010	0.489	0.089	0.005	0.017	0.001
FDR-corrected p-value	0.020	0.489	0.107	0.015	0.023	0.006
ƞ²p for the interaction	.16	.01	.12	.35	.20	.34
Degrees of freedom in the model	49, 6	52, 6	33, 6	28, 5	36, 6	36, 5

The significant interactions are bolded.

WM = Working memory, IC = Inhibitory control, SS = Set-shifting, GAI = General Abilities Index, TBV = Total brain volume, standardized, corr = corrected for gestational age at birth and postnatal age at scan, corr = corrected for gestational age at birth and postnatal age at scan.

^aLogarithm-transformed scale.

^bAge at assessment was not included as a covariate in the models where the age-standardized test outcome was used.