Table 3.
Performance of models for brain invasion prediction.
| Cohort | Model | AUC | ACC (%) | SEN (%) | SPE (%) | PPV | NPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training set | T1C | 0.682(0.645–0.719) | 64.77(61.85–67.70) | 61.42(55.37–67.52) | 65.81(62.55–69.06) | 0.359(0.313–0.404) | 0.846(0.817–0.874) |
| T2 | 0.742(0.708–0.776) | 73.46(70.90–76.06) | 57.87(52.03–64.0) | 78.31(75.54–81.05) | 0.454(0.400–0.509) | 0.857(0.832–0.882) | |
| Radiomic | 0.855(0.829–0.882) | 76.92(74.40–79.50) | 80.32(75.56–85.25) | 75.86(72.90–78.84) | 0.509(0.461–0.558) | 0.925(0.906–0.945) | |
| Clinicoradiomic | 0.857(0.831–0.883) | 79.35(76.93–81.76) | 72.83(67.34–78.40) | 81.37(78.65–84.05) | 0.549(0.494–0.603) | 0.906(0.885–0.927) | |
| Validation set | T1C | 0.735(0.682–0.789) | 57.90(54.18–61.58) | 86.42(78.84–93.95) | 53.90(49.87–57.90) | 0.208(0.164–0.251) | 0.966(0.946–0.986) |
| T2 | 0.717(0.661–0.772) | 54.71(51.07–58.43) | 88.89(82.02–95.69) | 49.91(46.0–53.90) | 0.199(0.159–0.240) | 0.970(0.950–0.990) | |
| Radiomic | 0.796(0.747–0.845) | 73.25(69.86–76.59) | 79.01(70.19–87.95) | 72.44(68.77–76.04) | 0.287(0.228–0.345) | 0.961(0.943–0.979) | |
| Clinicoradiomic | 0.819(0.775–0.863) | 65.96(62.38–69.60) | 90.12(83.39–96.97) | 62.56(58.65–66.52) | 0.253(0.204–0.302) | 0.978(0.963–0.994) |
Note: Radiomic, combination of T1C and T2; Clinicoradiomic, fusion of radiomic signature and sex information; T1C, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging; T2, T2-weighted imaging; ACC, balanced accuracy; AUC, area under receiver operating characteristic curve; SEN, sensitivity; SPE, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.