Table 3.
Prognostic factors for in-field, out-field control, and overall survival determined using univariable Cox regression analysis
| In-field control | HR | 95% CI | P-value |
| ATM (mut(−) vs. mut(+)) | 0.16 | 0.00–0.48 | 0.036 |
| Age at diagnosis (< 60 vs. ≥60) | 1.02 | 0.39–2.69 | 0.966 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 1.09 | 0.45–2.78 | 0.857 |
| KPS (90–100 vs. ≤80) | 1.44 | 0.51–4.07 | 0.496 |
| SVZ (free vs. involvement) | 0.97 | 0.28–3.39 | 0.974 |
| Gliomatosis (No vs. Yes) | 1.34 | 0.53–3.39 | 0.534 |
| Extent of resection (subtotal vs. partial/biopsy) | 1.15 | 0.45–2.94 | 0.767 |
| Pathology (WHO Grade II-III vs. WHO grade IV) | 1.47 | 0.34–6.43 | 0.606 |
| MGMT promoter (unmethylated vs methylated) | 0.59 | 0.23–1.48 | 0.260 |
| Ki67 index (< 15% vs. ≥15%) | 1.57 | 0.57–4.32 | 0.380 |
| BRCA status (wild-type vs mutant) | 1.46 | 0.51–4.19 | 0.485 |
| PTEN status (wild-type vs mutant) | 1.32 | 0.47–3.72 | 0.600 |
| TERT status (wild-type vs mutant) | 0.93 | 0.37–2.35 | 0.873 |
| EGFR amplification (No vs. Yes) | 1.98 | 0.74–5.34 | 0.176 |
| TP53 status (wild-type vs mutant) | 1.39 | 0.48–4.01 | 0.546 |
| Out-field control | HR | 95% CI | P-value |
| ATM (mut(−) vs. mut(+)) | 0.92 | 0.35–2.40 | 0.862 |
| Age at diagnosis (< 60 vs. ≥60) | 1.58 | 0.68–3.71 | 0.290 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 0.95 | 0.40–2.26 | 0.909 |
| KPS (90–100 vs. ≤80) | 1.36 | 0.55–3.39 | 0.506 |
| SVZ (free vs. involvement) | 1.53 | 0.45–5.22 | 0.496 |
| Gliomatosis (No vs. Yes) | 2.32 | 0.96–5.61 | 0.062 |
| Extent of resection (subtotal vs. partial/biopsy) | 0.74 | 0.32–1.74 | 0.497 |
| Pathology (WHO Grade II-III vs. WHO grade IV) | 2.62 | 0.93–7.38 | 0.069 |
| MGMT promoter (unmethylated vs methylated) | 0.49 | 0.21–1.14 | 0.098 |
| Ki67 index (< 15% vs. ≥15%) | 1.35 | 0.55–3.33 | 0.511 |
| BRCA status (wild-type vs mutant) | 2.44 | 1.18–6.07 | 0.035 |
| PTEN status (wild-type vs mutant) | 0.96 | 0.35–2.62 | 0.939 |
| TERT status (wild-type vs mutant) | 0.48 | 0.20–1.14 | 0.096 |
| EGFR amplification (No vs. Yes) | 3.09 | 1.09–8.77 | 0.035 |
| TP53 status (wild-type vs mutant) | 1.80 | 0.67–4.83 | 0.246 |
| Overall survival | HR | 95% CI | P-value |
| ATM (mut(−) vs. mut(+)) | 0.77 | 0.27–2.15 | 0.615 |
| Age at diagnosis (< 60 vs. ≥60) | 2.27 | 0.89–5.84 | 0.088 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 1.01 | 0.40–2.54 | 0.986 |
| KPS (90–100 vs. ≤80) | 1.96 | 0.69–5.57 | 0.205 |
| SVZ (free vs. involvement) | 1.55 | 0.36–6.79 | 0.559 |
| Gliomatosis (No vs. Yes) | 1.74 | 0.68–4.46 | 0.246 |
| Extent of resection (subtotal vs. partial/biopsy) | 0.74 | 0.30–1.84 | 0.518 |
| Pathology (WHO Grade II-III vs. WHO grade IV) | 0.47 | 0.16–1.43 | 0.184 |
| MGMT promoter (unmethylated vs methylated) | 1.04 | 0.40–2.72 | 0.931 |
| Ki67 index (< 15% vs. ≥15%) | 1.22 | 0.48–3.10 | 0.678 |
| BRCA status (wild-type vs mutant) | 2.78 | 1.05–7.36 | 0.039 |
| PTEN status (wild-type vs mutant) | 1.00 | 0.33–3.04 | 0.992 |
| TERT status (wild-type vs mutant) | 0.88 | 0.36–2.18 | 0.785 |
| EGFR amplification (No vs. Yes) | 1.78 | 0.67–4.72 | 0.249 |
| TP53 status (wild-type vs mutant) | 0.42 | 0.10–1.80 | 0.241 |
*The foreparts of the parentheses were set as the reference group
Abbreviations: HR hazards ratio, CI confidence interval, KPS Karnofsky performance status, SVZ subventricular zone, MGMT O[6]-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase