Fig. 4.

Astrocyte gene expression signature upregulated in acute injury. Heatmaps depict log₂(fold change) of acute injury-specific upregulated genes. The upregulated acute injury signature consists of protein translation (i.e., elongation machinery and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases) (a), ubiquitin-proteasome system (i.e., proteasome subunits and chaperones) (b), autophagy system (i.e., lysosomal enzymes such as cathepsin A and glucocerebrosidase, and lysosomal associated membrane protein 2) (c), intracellular trafficking (i.e., ER-Golgi) (d), immune response (i.e., Rela, Il33) (e), and anti-oxidant defenses (i.e., Nfe2l2, Gss)