Table 3.
Diagnostic test performance for P. falciparum detection, compared to a reference standard (qRT-PCR)
| qRT-PCR | Total | value (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | – | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | |||
| Microscopy | + | 23 | 0 | 23 | 59.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 98.1% |
| – | 16 | 819 | 835 | (42.1–74.4) | (99.6–100.0) | (85.2–100.0) | (96.9–98.9) | |
| cRDT | + | 21 | 0 | 21 | 53.8% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 97.8% |
| – | 18 | 819 | 837 | (37.2–69.9) | (99.6–100.0) | (83.9–100.0) | (96.6–98.7) | |
| hsRDTa | + | 25 | 1 | 26 | 64.1% | 99.9% | 96.2% | 98.3% |
| – | 14 | 813 | 827 | (47.2–78.8) | (99.3–100.0) | (80.4–99.9) | (97.2–99.1) | |
| LAMP | + | 35 | 1 | 36 | 89.7% | 99.9% | 97.2% | 99.5% |
| – | 4 | 818 | 822 | (75.8–97.1) | (99.3–100.0) | (85.5–99.9) | (98.8–99.9) | |
| nPCR | + | 30 | 0 | 30 | 76.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 98.9% |
| – | 9 | 819 | 828 | (60.7–88.9) | (99.6–100.0) | (88.4–100.0) | (97.9–99.5) | |
+ positive, − negative, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, CI confidence interval. aFive samples with indeterminate result (not included). qRT-PCR Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction, cRDT conventional rapid diagnostic test, hsRDT highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test, LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification, nPCR nested polymerase chain reaction