Table 2.
Loading information of included studies with cadaver specimens
| Author, year | Material testing machine | Testing jig | Loading information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action simulated | Anatomical features simulated | Load force | Femur orientation | Test cycles | |||
| Gotze 2002 [20] | Zwick, Typ 1454, Einsingen, Germany | 6 LVDTs | NR | NR | Vertical force 200–2000 N, 0.5 Hz | 8° valgus, 6° flexion | 1 |
| Klestil 2006 [21] | Bionics 851.2, MTS | NR | NR | Acetabulum | 50–2100 N; frequency (2 Hz) | 10° flexion, 10° adduction | 50000 |
| Abdul-Kadir 2008 [17] | Instron 5565, Instron Corp., Canton, MA, USA | 2 LVDTs | NR | NR | 5000 N load cell with at a rate of 1 KN/min; maximum load of 2000 N | Long axis coaxial to load direction | 50 |
| Pettersen 2009 [23] | MTS 858 Minibionix II, MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA | 6 LVDTs | SLS, SC | Abductor muscles, acetabulum | Vertical load 600 N (74 Kg BW); torsional moment 13.5 Nm (1.82%BW) | 12° valgus tilt | 50 |
| Østbyhaug 2010 [22] | MTS 858 Minibionix II, MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA | 6 LVDTs | SLS, SC | Abductor muscles, acetabulum | Vertical load 600 N (74 Kg BW); torsional moment 15 Nm | 12° valgus tilt | 50 |
| Wik 2011 [24] | MTS 858 MiniBionix II, MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA | 3 LVDTs | SLS, SC | Abductor muscles, acetabulum | Vertical force 600 N; torsional moment 13.8 Nm; for the strain measurement, torsional moment 10.0 Nm | 12° valgus tilt | 10S |
| Bieger 2012 [18] | Servo hydraulic machine, instron, Typ 8871, Pfungstadt, Germany | 6 LVDTs | SLS | Acetabulum | 1 Hz for first 4000 cycles; 0–1000 cycles 100–400 N; 1000–2000 cycles 100–800 N; 2000–3000 cycles 100–1200 N; 3000–4000 cycles 100–1600 N (250%BW); 2 Hz for 96,000 cycles with 100–1600 N | 8° valgus, 6° flexion | 250; 500 |
| Bieger 2013 [19] | Instron, Typ 8871, Pfungstadt, Germany | 6 LVDTs | SLS | NR | Vertical load 100–1600 N; frequency (2 Hz) | 8° valgus, 6° flexion | 500 |
| Østbyhaug 2013 [15] | MTS 858 Minibionix II, MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA | 6 LVDTs | SLS, SC | Abductor muscles, acetabulum | Vertical load 600 N (73 Kg BW); torsional moment 15 Nm | 12° valgus tilt | 500 |
| Bieger 2016 [13] | Instron, Typ 8871, Pfungstadt, Germany | 6 LVDTs | SLS | NR | Vertical load 100–1600 N (250%BW); frequency (2 Hz) | 8° valgus, 6° flexion | 40 K, 100 K |
SLS single-leg stance, SC stair climbing, BW body weight, NR not reported