Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Patient characteristic | AD classification | Total patient sample (N = 60) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (n = 12) | Group 2 (n = 12) | Group 3 (n = 12) | Group 4 (n = 12) | Group 5 (n = 12) | ||
| Current age (years) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 65.9 (10.3) | 67.8 (8.8) | 73.1 (10.1) | 74.2 (7.6) | 78.1 (9.3) | 71.8 (10.0) |
| Range | 56–89 | 53–82 | 52–87 | 60–89 | 57–88 | 52–89 |
| Sex,n(%) | ||||||
| Male | 5 (41.7) | 4 (33.3) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 6 (50.0) | 27 (45.0) |
| Female | 7 (58.3) | 8 (66.7) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 6 (50.0) | 33 (55.0) |
| Race/ethnicity,n(%) | ||||||
| White/Caucasian | 9 (75.0) | 8 (66.7) | 10 (83.3) | 10 (83.3) | 9 (75.0) | 46 (76.7) |
| Black/African American | 2 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 8 (13.3) |
| Asian | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.0) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (5.0) |
| Current employment status,n(%) | ||||||
| Employed full-time | 5 (41.7) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (20.0) |
| Employed part-time | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.3) |
| Retired | 3 (25.0) | 7 (58.3) | 7 (58.3) | 11 (91.7) | 10 (83.3) | 38 (63.3) |
| Disabled | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (3.3) |
| Unemployed | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.0) |
| Highest level of education,n(%) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (3.3) |
| High school diploma or equivalent (GED) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (41.7) | 13 (21.7) |
| Associate’s degree/technical school | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.7) |
| Some college | 5 (41.7) | 4 (33.3) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (25.0) | 3 (25.0) | 16 (26.7) |
| College degree | 4 (33.3) | 7 (58.3) | 4 (33.3) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | 21 (35.0) |
| Graduate or professional degree | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (6.7) |
| Current marital status,n(%) | ||||||
| Single | 3 (25.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.3) |
| Married | 8 (66.7) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (50.0) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (50.0) | 36 (60.0) |
| Living with partner | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) |
| Divorced or separated | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (6.7) |
| Widowed | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 4 (33.3) | 5 (41.7) | 14 (23.3) |
| Current living arrangement,n(%) | ||||||
| Alone, in own home or apartment | 4 (33.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3)a | 7 (11.7) |
| With only spouse/partner | 6 (50.0)b | 6 (50.0)c | 5 (41.7) | 8 (66.7) | 3 (25.0) | 28 (46.7) |
| With only children | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7)d | 2 (16.7) | 3 (25.0) | 4 (33.3) | 11 (18.3) |
| With spouse/partner and child (ren) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 9 (15.0) |
| With another relative | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3)e | 1 (8.3)f | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) |
| In an assisted-living facility | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (5.0) |
| Physician referral | ||||||
| Neurologist | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (41.7) | 15 (25.0) |
| Primary care/general practitioner | 10 (83.3) | 9 (75.0) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (41.7) | 36 (60.0) |
| Otherg | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 9 (15.0) |
| Comorbidities,n(%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (25.0) | 14 (23.3) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 1 (8.3) | 3 (25.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (25.0) | 10 (16.7) |
| High cholesterol | 3 (25.0) | 4 (33.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 10 (16.7) |
| Depression | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 7 (11.7) |
| Other cardiovascular diseasesh | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (25.0) | 7 (11.7) |
| Osteoporosis | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | 7 (11.7) |
| Anxiety | 2 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 6 (10.0) |
| Thyroid disease | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (6.7) |
| Sleep apnea | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.0) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.0) |
| Osteoarthritis | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (3.3) |
| Gout | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (3.3) |
| Glaucoma | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) |
| COPD | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) |
AD Alzheimer’s disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GED general educational development, SD standard deviation
Note: Demographic data for patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 were self-reported; data for patients in groups 4 and 5 were reported by care partners at screening
aThis patient was currently living in an apartment for seniors but going to an assisted-living facility within the next few months
bOne participant lived in a retirement village with his spouse
cOne participant was living with her spouse and friends
dOne participant reported that her son stays over at the home on occasion
eThis participant was living with grandchildren
fThis participant was living with his mother who had a stroke and providing care to her
gOther physician referrals were all from the Raleigh Neurology Associates Research Department except for one participant in group 4, who was referred via a psychiatrist
hIncluding heart attack, angina, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease