Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of participants.
| Parameters | Controls (N = 56) | Warfarin (N = 42) | Rivaroxaban (N = 29) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, in years | 72 ± 7 | 71 ± 7 | 73 ± 10 | 0.3441 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, N (%) | 34 (60.7%) | 20 (47.6%) | 13 (44.8%) | 0.2732 |
| Male, N (%) | 22 (39.3%) | 22 (52.4%) | 16 (55.2%) | |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 32 (57.1%)a | 40 (95.2%)b | 29 (100%)2 | <0.0012 |
| Diabetes Mellitus 2, N (%) | 7 (12.5%) | 14 (33.3%) | 9 (31.0%) | 0.0942 |
| Statins, N (%) | 22 (39.3%)a | 26 (61.9%)b | 11 (37.9%)a, b | 0.0462 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | - | 3 (2.5–4) | 4 (3–4) | 0.7763 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 189 ± 38a | 177 ± 41a, b | 167 ± 34b | 0.0441 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 102 ± 30 | 89 ± 35 | 87 ± 28 | 0.0581 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 51 (43–66.25) | 55 (45.25–66.25) | 47 (40–64.5) | 0.4184 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 136.5 (103–182.25) | 125.5 (96.5–232) | 123 (88–190.5) | 0.5204 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.5 (18.75–29.25) | 27 (22.25–37.75) | 23 (16–30) | 0.0934 |
| AST (U/L) | 26 (22.75–30)a | 30.5 (25–39.25)b | 25 (22.5–32.5)a, b | 0.0144 |
| GGT (U/L) | 24 (20.5–35)a | 46 (30.25–69.25)b | 42 (23.5–65)b | <0.0014 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1)a | 1.1 (1–1.3)b | 1.1 (0.9–1.35)b | 0.0014 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.45 (4.58–6.28)a | 6.3 (5.3–8.15)b | 6.4 (5.7–7.3)b | 0.0014 |
| WBC | 5647 ± 1649a, b | 5005 ± 1348a | 6152 ± 1440b | 0.0201 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 8 (6–10.5)a | 5 (5–7)b | 7 (5–9)a, b | 0.0044 |
ANOVA (values expressed as mean and standard deviation).
Pearson chi-square test (values expressed as absolute and relative frequency).
Mann–Whitney test (values expressed as median and 25th−75th percentiles).
Kruskal–Wallis test (values expressed as median and 25th−75th percentiles).
Significant results for three-group comparisons were followed by post hoc analyses (Tukey's or Dunn's pairwise comparisons, in case of ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test, respectively). Significant values have been adjusted by the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests and are indicated by different letters.
CHA2DS2-VASc, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 (doubled), Diabetes, Stroke (doubled), Vascular disease, Age 65–74, Sex category (female), LDL, low-density lipoprotein, HDL, high-density lipoprotein, ALT, alanine aminotransferase, AST, aspartate transaminase, GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase, WBC, white blood cells, CRP, C-reactive protein. Bold values indicate statistically significant differences between groups, with a significance level of p < 0.05.