Table 1.

Clinical data and features of the urolithiasis in the enrolled patients.

Number of patients	70
Age at treatment
Mean SD (yrs)	7.3 ± 5.0
Gender (M/F)	48/22
Cause (n, %)
Congenital anomalies and anatomical alterations*	20 (28.6%)
Functional dysphunctions**	9 (12.8%)
Previous urological surgery (e.g., bladder-augmentation)	2 (2.8%)
Metabolic disease	2 (2.8%)
Drugs	1 (1.4%)
Idiopathic	36 (51.4%)
Symptoms (n, %)	53 (75.7%)
Abdominal pain	23 (32.9%)
Urinary tract infection	17 (24.3%)
Hematuria	9 (12.8%)
Multiple symptoms	4 (5.7%)
No symptoms (n, %)	17 (24.3%)
Side (right/left)	26/44
Treatment
Single	53 (75.7%)
Multiple	18 (25.7%)
Location
Bladder	3 (4.3%)
Kidney	32 (45.7%)
Ureter	24 (34.3%)
Urethra	1 (1.4%)
Multiple	10 (14.3%)

^*Pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction, obstructive megaureter, horseshoe kidney, vescico-ureteral reflux and bladder pathologies (exstrophy, epispadias).

^**Neurologic bladder, myelomeningocele.