Table 2.
Preoperative comorbidities in β-blocker unexposed (BB−) and β-blocker exposed (BB+) patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture
| BB− | BB+ | P value | |
| n=1543 | n=900 | ||
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 131 (8.5) | 249 (27.7) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 131 (8.5) | 295 (32.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 76 (4.9) | 104 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular event, n (%) | 311 (20.2) | 284 (31.6) | <0.001 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 405 (26.2) | 169 (18.8) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 135 (8.7) | 88 (9.8) | 0.39 |
| Connective tissue disease, n (%) | 30 (1.9) | 10 (1.1) | 0.11 |
| Peptic ulcer disease, n (%) | 144 (9.3) | 105 (11.7) | 0.06 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 22 (1.4) | 9 (1.0) | 0.36 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Uncomplicated | 93 (6.0) | 68 (7.6) | |
| End-organ damage | 84 (5.4) | 127 (14.1) | |
| Hemiplegia, n (%) | 38 (2.5) | 31 (3.4) | 0.15 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 62 (4.0) | 115 (12.8) | <0.001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 0.33 | ||
| Local tumor | 297 (19.2) | 189 (21.0) | |
| Metastatic | 41 (2.7) | 30 (3.3) | |
| Leukemia, n (%) | 9 (0.6) | 8 (0.9) | 0.38 |
| Lymphoma, n (%) | 7 (0.5) | 6 (0.7) | 0.48 |