Table 1.
The Basic Characteristics of Included Studies.a
| Study (reference) | Agent | Study type | Intervention | Age (GPI vs control) | Women: Men (GPI vs control) |
Dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams and Bogousslavsky16 arm 1 | Abciximab | RCT | No | 66 ± 13 vs 64 ± 17 | (10:5) vs (8:12) | 0.15 mg/kg bolus |
| Adams et al arm 2 | Abciximab | RCT | No | 63 ± 13 | (6:6) | 0.2 mg/kg bolus |
| Adams et al arm 3 | Abciximab | RCT | No | 64 ± 15 | (5:9) | 0.2 mg/kg bolus + 0.125 μg/kg/min (12 hours) |
| Adams et al arm 4 | Abciximab | RCT | No | 72 ± 14 | (5:8) | 0.25 mg/kg bolus + 0.125 μg/kg/min (12 hours) |
| Eckert et al23 | Abciximab | Prospective | Angioplasty/stenting | 69 (31-84) vs 61 (28-79) | (17:30) vs (7:34) | 0.25 mg/kg bolus + 0.125 μg/kg/min (12 hours) |
| AbESTT17 | Abciximab | RCT | No | 67 ± 13 vs 68 ± 12 | (80:120) vs (95:105) | 0.25 mg/kg bolus + 0.125 μg/kg/min (12 hours) |
| AbESTT-II12 | Abciximab | RCT | No | 68 ± 14 vs 70 ± 13 | (103:118) vs (97:121) | 0.25 mg/kg bolus + 0.125 μg/kg/min (12 hours) |
| Nagel et al24 | Abciximab | Prospective | No | 65 (28-83) vs 65 (19-86) | (17:26) vs (12:20) | 0.25 mg/kg bolus + 0.125 μg/kg/min (12 hours) |
| Pancioli et al (CLEAR)18 | Eptifibatide | RCT | No | 71 (62-77) vs 61 (55-74) | NA | 75 μg/kg bolus + 0.75 μg/kg/min (2 hours) |
| Pancioli et al (CLEAR-ER)21 | Eptifibatide | RCT | No | 71 (58-81) vs 75 (60-81) | (48:53) vs (12:13) | 135 μg/kg bolus + 0.75 μg/kg/min (2 hours) |
| Torgano et al (SETIS)19 | Tirofiban | RCT | No | 71 ± 13 vs 73 ± 8 | (39:36) vs (38:37) | 0.6 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) +0.15 μg/kg/min (72 hours) |
| Siebler et al (SaTIS)20 | Tirofiban | RCT | No | 67 (34-81) vs 65 (30-82) | (57:74) vs (48:81) | 0.4 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) +0.1 μg/kg/min (48 hours) |
| Junghans et al22 | Tirofiban | Prospective | No | 62 (36-80) vs 62 (27-77) | (4:14) vs (6:11) | 0.4 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) +0.1 μg/kg/min (24 hours) |
| Li et al25 | Tirofiban | Prospective | No | 66 (29-86) vs 68 (37-86) | (16:25) vs (17:24) | 0.4 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) +0.1 μg/kg/min (24 hours) |
| Lin et al26 | Tirofiban | Prospective | No | 63 (47-82) vs 70 (44-89) | (5:17) vs (5:17) | 0.4 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) +0.1 μg/kg/min (24 hours) |
| Zhao et al27 | Tirofiban | Prospective | Thrombectomy | 61 ± 13 vs 60 ± 12 | (21:69) vs (30:60) | 5 mg bolus + 0.2-0.25 mg/h (12-24 hours) |
| Wu et al28 | Tirofiban | Prospective | Thrombectomy | 70 (63-76) vs 71 (63-80) | (36:58) vs (56:68) | 3.3-10 μg/kg, 50 μg/min |
| Neuberger et al2 | Tirofiban | Prospective | Thrombectomy | NA | NA | 0.4 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) +0.1 μg/kg/min (48 hours) |
| Zhang et al32 | Tirofiban | Retrospective | Thrombectomy | 64 ± 13 vs 64 ± 12 | (62:92) vs (202:276) | 0.25-1.0 mg, 50 μg/min |
| Kellert et al8 | Tirofiban | Prospective | Thrombectomy | 64 ± 13 vs 67 ± 14 | NA | 0.4 μg/kg/min (30 minutes) + 0.1 μg/kg/min (48 hours) |
| Quan et al29 | Tirofiban | Prospective | Thrombectomy | NA | NA | 5 mg bolus + 0.2-0.25 mg/h (12-24 hours) |
| Sun et al30 | Tirofiban | Prospective | Thrombectomy | 66 ± 15 vs 66 ± 13 | (20:51) vs (38:86) | 0.25-0.5 mg, 1 mL/min |
| Yu et al31 | Tirofiban | Retrospective | Thrombectomy | 70 ± 10 vs 67 ± 10 | (14:12) vs (13:15) | 0.25-0.5 mg, 1 mL/min |
Abbreviations: AbESTT, Abciximab Emergent Stroke Treatment Trial; CLEAR, Combined Approach to Lysis Utilizing Eptifibatide and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; CLEAR-ER, Combined Approach to Lysis Utilizing Eptifibatide and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke-enhanced regimen; GPI, glycoprotein inhibitors; NA, not applicable; RCT, randomized control trials; SaTIS, Safety of Tirofiban in acute Ischemic Stroke; SETIS, Study of Efficacy of Tirofiban in acute Ischemic Stroke.
a In total, 5 studies discussed abciximab, 3 discussed eptifibatide, 13 discussed tirofiban, and 1 discussed eptifibatide and abciximab.