Table 3.
Behavioral Variables by Age of Onset Groups and TFC Stages.
| TFC Score Category | Young | Typical | Late | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Median (Q1–Q3) or N (%) | N | Median (Q1–Q3) or N (%) | N | Median (Q1–Q3) or N (%) | |||
| Behavioral Symptoms | ||||||||
| Has the participant ever abused drugs? Yes |
Early | 389 | 77 (19.79) | 3883 | 385 (9.92) | 622 | 23 (3.70) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 27 (19.42) | 1262 | 84 (6.66) | 214 | 4 (1.87) | * <0.01 | |
| Advanced | 80 | 10 (12.50) | 613 | 23 (3.75) | 81 | 0 (0.00) | * <0.01 | |
| Has the participant had alcohol problems in the past? Yes |
Early | 389 | 50 (12.85) | 3881 | 358 (9.22) | 622 | 28 (4.50) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 17 (12.23) | 1261 | 146 (11.58) | 214 | 15 (7.01) | 0.13 | |
| Advanced | 81 | 8 (9.88) | 612 | 64 (10.46) | 81 | 5 (6.17) | 0.55 | |
| HADS-SIS anxiety subscore | Early | 264 | 6.00 (3.50, 9.00) | 2417 | 6.00 (3.00, 9.00) | 365 | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 62 | 4.00 (2.00, 8.00) | 604 | 5.00 (3.00, 9.00) | 100 | 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 0.28 | |
| Advanced | 24 | 4.00 (2.50, 8.50) | 172 | 5.00 (3.00, 9.00) | 25 | 4.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 0.40 | |
| HADS-SIS depression subscore | Early | 264 | 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 2416 | 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 365 | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 62 | 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 602 | 7.00 (4.00, 10.00) | 99 | 8.00 (4.00, 11.00) | * <0.01 | |
| Advanced | 24 | 7.00 (3.00, 11.00) | 176 | 8.00 (5.00, 12.00) | 25 | 7.00 (6.00, 9.00) | 0.39 | |
| HADS-SIS irritability subscore | Early | 263 | 6.00 (3.00, 10.00) | 2413 | 6.00 (2.00, 9.00) | 365 | 5.00 (2.00, 7.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 62 | 5.00 (2.00, 8.00) | 601 | 5.00 (2.00, 9.00) | 100 | 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) | 0.52 | |
| Advanced | 25 | 4.00 (2.00, 8.00) | 174 | 5.00 (2.00, 8.00) | 25 | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 0.88 | |
| HADS-SIS outward irritability subscore | Early | 263 | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 2426 | 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) | 368 | 3.00 (1.00, 5.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 62 | 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) | 604 | 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) | 101 | 3.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 0.23 | |
| Advanced | 25 | 3.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 175 | 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) | 25 | 2.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 0.65 | |
| HADS-SIS inward irritability subscore | Early | 264 | 2.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 2421 | 2.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 365 | 2.00 (0.00, 3.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 62 | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | 603 | 2.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 100 | 2.50 (1.00, 4.00) | * 0.01 | |
| Advanced | 25 | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | 174 | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | 25 | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | 0.86 | |
| Total # of suicide attempts (C-SSRS BL and FUP) | Early | 27 | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 142 | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 13 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.55 |
| Moderate | 19 | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 75 | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 7 | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 0.99 | |
| Advanced | 5 | 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 32 | 1.00 (1.00, 2.50) | 3 | 1.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 0.75 | |
| PBA-s Depression | Early | 388 | 4.00 (0.00, 9.50) | 3883 | 4.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 624 | 2.00 (0.00, 6.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 138 | 2.50 (0.00, 7.00) | 1257 | 3.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 215 | 4.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 0.50 | |
| Advanced | 71 | 2.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 545 | 2.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 78 | 2.50 (0.00, 8.00) | 0.88 | |
| PBA-s Irritability aggression | Early | 386 | 2.00 (0.00, 6.00) | 3885 | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 624 | 0.50 (0.00, 4.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 138 | 1.00 (0.00, 6.00) | 1261 | 1.00 (0.00, 6.00) | 215 | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 0.13 | |
| Advanced | 80 | 1.00 (0.00, 7.00) | 599 | 2.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 79 | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 0.32 | |
| PBA-s Psychosis | Early | 386 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 3878 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 625 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.17 |
| Moderate | 137 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1257 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 215 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.06 | |
| Advanced | 69 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 547 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 77 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.22 | |
| PBA-s Apathy | Early | 387 | 1.00 (0.00, 6.00) | 3884 | 0.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 624 | 0.00 (0.00, 4.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 138 | 3.00 (0.00, 8.00) | 1258 | 4.00 (0.00, 9.00) | 215 | 6.00 (0.00, 9.00) | 0.10 | |
| Advanced | 71 | 8.00 (0.00, 12.00) | 555 | 8.00 (0.00, 12.00) | 77 | 8.00 (1.00, 12.00) | 0.97 | |
| PBA-s Executive function | Early | 386 | 0.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 3874 | 0.00 (0.00, 4.00) | 623 | 0.00 (0.00, 4.00) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 137 | 4.00 (0.00, 9.00) | 1256 | 3.00 (0.00, 9.00) | 215 | 2.00 (0.00, 6.00) | 0.16 | |
| Advanced | 71 | 6.00 (0.00, 12.00) | 541 | 6.00 (0.00, 10.00) | 76 | 4.00 (0.00, 9.00) | 0.34 | |
| PBA-s Depressed mood frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 224 (57.58) | 3889 | 2064 (53.07) | 625 | 267 (42.72) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 60 (43.17) | 1265 | 623 (49.25) | 215 | 98 (45.58) | 0.28 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 45 (54.88) | 617 | 323 (52.35) | 81 | 45 (55.56) | 0.81 | |
| PBA-s Suicidal ideation frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 40 (10.28) | 3889 | 363 (9.33) | 625 | 39 (6.24) | * 0.03 |
| Moderate | 139 | 13 (9.35) | 1265 | 110 (8.70) | 215 | 21 (9.77) | 0.86 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 15 (18.29) | 617 | 100 (16.21) | 81 | 14 (17.28) | 0.88 | |
| PBA-s Anxiety frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 235 (60.41) | 3889 | 2225 (57.21) | 625 | 316 (50.56) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 69 (49.64) | 1265 | 691 (54.62) | 215 | 125 (58.14) | 0.29 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 48 (58.54) | 617 | 333 (53.97) | 81 | 36 (44.44) | 0.17 | |
| PBA-s Irritability frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 228 (58.61) | 3889 | 2124 (54.62) | 625 | 303 (48.48) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 72 (51.80) | 1265 | 690 (54.55) | 215 | 106 (49.30) | 0.33 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 49 (59.76) | 617 | 353 (57.21) | 81 | 46 (56.79) | 0.90 | |
| PBA-s Angry or aggressive behavior frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 129 (33.16) | 3889 | 1091 (28.05) | 625 | 135 (21.60) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 41 (29.50) | 1265 | 417 (32.96) | 215 | 49 (22.79) | * 0.01 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 29 (35.37) | 617 | 238 (38.57) | 81 | 24 (29.63) | 0.27 | |
| PBA-s Lack of initiative (apathy) frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 209 (53.73) | 3889 | 1944 (49.99) | 625 | 264 (42.24) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 88 (63.31) | 1265 | 884 (69.88) | 215 | 147 (68.37) | 0.27 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 63 (76.83) | 617 | 469 (76.01) | 81 | 62 (76.54) | 0.98 | |
| PBA-s Perseverative thinking or behavior frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 128 (32.90) | 3889 | 1493 (38.39) | 625 | 210 (33.60) | * 0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 76 (54.68) | 1265 | 759 (60.00) | 215 | 119 (55.35) | 0.25 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 53 (64.63) | 617 | 408 (66.13) | 81 | 50 (61.73) | 0.72 | |
| PBA-s Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviors frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 100 (25.71) | 3889 | 800 (20.57) | 625 | 96 (15.36) | * <0.01 |
| Moderate | 139 | 42 (30.22) | 1265 | 353 (27.91) | 215 | 49 (22.79) | 0.22 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 33 (40.24) | 617 | 207 (33.55) | 81 | 20 (24.69) | 0.11 | |
| PBA-s Delusions frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 26 (6.68) | 3889 | 198 (5.09) | 625 | 21 (3.36) | * 0.05 |
| Moderate | 139 | 13 (9.35) | 1265 | 124 (9.80) | 215 | 12 (5.58) | 0.14 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 24 (29.27) | 617 | 120 (19.45) | 81 | 10 (12.35) | * 0.02 | |
| PBA-s Hallucinations frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 6 (1.54) | 3889 | 47 (1.21) | 625 | 7 (1.12) | 0.82 |
| Moderate | 139 | 7 (5.04) | 1265 | 36 (2.85) | 215 | 1 (0.47) | * 0.02 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 17 (20.73) | 617 | 105 (17.02) | 81 | 6 (7.41) | * 0.05 | |
| PBA-s Disoriented Behavior frequency Present vs. Not Present | Early | 389 | 78 (20.05) | 3889 | 666 (17.13) | 625 | 104 (16.64) | 0.31 |
| Moderate | 139 | 54 (38.85) | 1265 | 534 (42.21) | 215 | 102 (47.44) | 0.23 | |
| Advanced | 82 | 49 (59.76) | 617 | 436 (70.66) | 81 | 58 (71.60) | 0.12 | |
* Significant at level p < 0.05.
PBA-s = Problem Behaviours Assessment – Short, UHDRS = Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale, HADS-SIS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Snaith Irritability Scale.