Table 1.

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Males and females ages 18–29 (inclusive) at the time of informed consent.

2. Current diagnosis of MDD/persistent depressive disorder or HDRS ≥ 12.

3. Daily access to smartphone or tablet with internet connection for the study duration.

4. Willing and able to complete fMRI, mood, and neuropsychological testing.

5. IQ ≥ 85.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Lacks English-speaking ability as determined by self-report and clinical evaluation.

2. Evidence of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, psychosis, bipolar I or II disorder.

3. Active suicidal ideation, intent, or plan, or past suicide attempt within 1 year.

4. Severe depression (HDRS ≥ 30).

5. Neurological disorder (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, clinical stroke).

6. Use of medications known to have negative impact on cognition (benzodiazepines and lorazepam equivalents > 1 mg daily, narcotics, or anticholinergics).

7. History of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence within the past year.

8. Acute, severe, unstable medical illness. For cancer, acutely ill patients (including those with metastases) are excluded, but past history of successfully treated cancer does not result in exclusion.

9. Regular online brain training or regular player of non-fluency verbal games, defined as doing these procedures at a frequency of twice weekly or greater during the year prior to screening.