TABLE 2.
Contribution of the water source microbiome (showing the top 10 OTUs) to the symbiotic microbiome of each frog speciesa
| Species | Skin sample |
Stomach sample |
Gut sample |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May | October | May | October | May | October | |
| Bufo gargarizans | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU14 (g__Curvibacter) | OTU5 (g__Sphingobium) | —b | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | — |
| OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | — | OTU9 (g__Parabacteroides) | — | |
| OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU176 (g__Methylotenera) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | — | OTU25 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| OTU89 (g__Microbacterium) | OTU287 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU15 (g__Exiguobacterium) | — | OTU5 (g__Sphingobium) | — | |
| OTU15 (g__Exiguobacterium) | OTU339 (g__Sediminibacterium) | OTU12 (g__Sphingomonas) | — | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | — | |
| OTU242 (g__Agrococcus) | OTU352 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | — | OTU13 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| OTU76 (g__Desemzia) | OTU71 (f__Comamonadaceae) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | — | OTU24 (g__Paraclostridium) | — | |
| OTU26 (g__Carnobacterium) | OTU32 (g__Acinetobacter) | OTU14 (g__Curvibacter) | — | OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | — | |
| OTU31 (g__Ensifer) | OTU847 (f__Christensenellaceae) | OTU43 (g__Caulobacter) | — | OTU51 (g__Buttiauxella) | — | |
| OTU32 (g__Acinetobacter) | OTU545 (g__Zoogloea) | OTU24 (g__Paraclostridium) | — | OTU192 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | — | |
| Fejervarya limnocharis | OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | OTU14 (g__Curvibacter) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU90 (g__Flavobacterium) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | — |
| OTU15 (g__Exiguobacterium) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | OTU634 (g__Fluviicola) | OTU9 (g__Parabacteroides) | — | |
| OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU45 (f__Prevotellaceae) | OTU5 (g__Sphingobium) | OTU340 (g__Faecalibacterium) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | — | |
| OTU12 (g__Sphingomonas) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU85 (g__Aquabacterium) | OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | — | |
| OTU31 (g__Ensifer) | OTU326 (f__Prevotellaceae) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU120 (g__Rheinheimera) | OTU41 (f__Rikenellaceae) | — | |
| OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU15 (g__Exiguobacterium) | OTU339 (g__Sediminibacterium) | OTU2 (g__Acinetobacter) | — | |
| OTU38 (g__Rhizobium) | OTU85 (g__Aquabacterium) | OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU712 (g__Sphingopyxis) | OTU23 (g__Parabacteroides) | — | |
| OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU207 (g__Arcobacter) | OTU4 (o__Clostridiales) | OTU995 (c__chloroplast) | OTU25 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU71 (f__Comamonadaceae) | OTU109 (g__Massilia) | OTU1020 (f__Hydrogenophilaceae) | OTU13 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| OTU67 (g__Maritimibacter) | OTU516 (g__Tolumonas) | OTU12 (g__Sphingomonas) | OTU2121 (g__Flavobacterium) | OTU39 (g__Parabacteroides) | — | |
| Microhyla fissipes | OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | OTU14 (g__Curvibacter) | OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | OTU244 (f__Rhodocyclaceae) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | — |
| OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU287 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU39 (g__Parabacteroides) | — | |
| OTU12 (g__Sphingomonas) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU545 (g__Zoogloea) | OTU13 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| OTU15 (g__Exiguobacterium) | OTU352 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU12 (g__Sphingomonas) | OTU25 (g__Bacteroides) | OTU35 (p__Bacteroidetes) | — | |
| OTU43 (g__Caulobacter) | OTU508 (g__Vibrio) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU186 (g__Bacteroides) | OTU9 (g__Parabacteroides) | — | |
| OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU71 (f__Comamonadaceae) | OTU32 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU1534 (f__Prevotellaceae) | OTU62 (g__Phascolarctobacterium) | — | |
| OTU42 (g__Enterococcus) | OTU69 (g__Sphaerotilus) | OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | OTU142 (g__Polynucleobacter) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | — | |
| OTU161 (g__Flavobacterium) | OTU804 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU15 (g__Exiguobacterium) | OTU326 (f__Prevotellaceae) | OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | — | |
| OTU31 (g__Ensifer) | OTU188 (g__Brevundimonas) | OTU54 (g__Pseudoalteromonas) | OTU62 (g__Phascolarctobacterium) | OTU56 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| OTU54 (g__Pseudoalteromonas) | OTU594 (g__Phascolarctobacterium) | OTU83 (g__Streptococcus) | OTU340 (g__Faecalibacterium) | OTU132 (g__Bacteroides) | — | |
| Pelophylax nigromaculatus | OTU5 (g__Sphingobium) | OTU203 (g__Cloacibacterium) | OTU21 (g__Cetobacterium) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU21 (g__Cetobacterium) |
| OTU3 (f__Caulobacteraceae) | OTU349 (g__Leifsonia) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU14 (g__Curvibacter) | OTU21 (g__Cetobacterium) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | |
| OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU871 (g__Cloacibacterium) | OTU2 (g__Acinetobacter) | OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU25 (g__Bacteroides) | |
| OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU61 (g__Flavobacterium) | OTU6 (g__Lactococcus) | OTU69 (g__Sphaerotilus) | OTU13 (g__Bacteroides) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | |
| OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU352 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU24 (g__Paraclostridium) | OTU21 (g__Cetobacterium) | OTU175 (g__Rickettsiella) | OTU12 (g__Alistipes) | |
| OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU71 (f__Comamonadaceae) | OTU7 (g__Aeromonas) | OTU1 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU40 (g__Rickettsiella) | OTU6 (g__Lactococcus) | |
| OTU12 (g__Sphingomonas) | OTU287 (f__Ruminococcaceae) | OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | OTU863 (g__Thauera) | OTU30 (g__Rickettsiella) | OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | |
| OTU32 (g__Acinetobacter) | OTU86 (g__Limnohabitans) | OTU13 (g__Bacteroides) | OTU1371 (f__Prevotellaceae) | OTU9 (g__Parabacteroides) | OTU1252 (g__Cetobacterium) | |
| OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | OTU188 (g__Brevundimonas) | OTU28 (g__Comamonas) | OTU902 (g__Acidithiobacillus) | OTU27 (g__Enterobacter) | OTU186 (g__Bacteroides) | |
| OTU43 (g__Caulobacter) | OTU2 (g__ Acinetobacter) | OTU5 (g__Sphingobium) | OTU52 (g__Hydrogenophaga) | OTU8 (g__Klebsiella) | OTU193 (f__FamilyXIII) | |
a
Bold font indicates the consensus pattern, i.e., the OTU appeared in the microbiome of three or more frog species within each group. Water source microbiome in the host symbiotic microbiome meant that the host likely acquired the microbiome from the aquatic environment.
b
—, no contribution.