Table 4. Potentially inappropriate medications of the population study according to the 2019 Beers Criteria.
| PIMs Independent of Medical Condition | PIMs due to Drug-Disease or Drug-Syndrome Interactions | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 657 PIMs) | (n = 657 PIMs) | ||
| System/Therapeutic category/drugs | N (%) | System/Therapeutic category/ drugs | N (%) |
| According to systems | According to systems | ||
| Central nervous system | 210 (37.7) | Cardiovascular system | 2 (0.4) |
| Cardiovascular system | 60 (10.8) | Syncope | 2 (0.4) |
| Endocrine | 7 (1.3) | Central nervous system | 245 (44.0) |
| Pain medications | 5 (0.9) | Delirium | 60 (10.8) |
| According to therapeutic categories | Dementia or cognitive impairment | 185 (33.2) | |
| Peripheral alpha-1 blockers | 16 (2.9) | History of falls or fractures | 121 (21.7) |
| Antiarrhythmic agents | 44 (7.9) | Gastrointestinal system | 3 (0.5) |
| Barbiturates | 1 (0.2) | Parkinson disease | 4 (0.7) |
| Benzodiazepines | 58 (10.4) | According to therapeutic categories | |
| Antipsychotics | 119 (21.4) | AChEIs | 2 (0.4) |
| Antidepressants | 23 (4.1) | Antipsychotics | 213 (38.2) |
| Other CNS alpha-agonists | 1 (0.2) | Benzodiazepines | 94 (16.9) |
| Anticholinergics | 8 (1.4) | Anticholinergics | 13 (2.3) |
| Estrogen | 6 (1.1) | Corticosteriods | 4 (0.8) |
| Sulfonylureas, long acting | 1 (0.2) | Antiepileptics | 10 (1.8) |
| Non-COX-2-selective NSAIDs | 5 (0.9) | Antidepressants | 35 (6.3) |
| Total | 282 (42.9) | Tramadol | 1 (0.2) |
| Non-COX-2-selective NSAIDs | 3 (0.5) | ||
| Total | 375 (57.1) | ||
Data are presented as n (%).
Abbreviation: PIMs, Potentially inappropriate medications; AChEIs, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; CNS, central nervous system; Non-COX-2-selective NSAIDs, Non-cyclooxygenase-2-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.