Table 2.

Student Cohort Internalizing Symptoms and Social Support across All Four Years of College by Growing Up with a Pet

	Did not grow up with pet		Grew up with pet
	n	M(SD)	n	M(SD)	T(df)	P	d
Internalizing Symptoms
First year, fall	288	14.34 (5.88)	753	14.87 (5.99)	1.27 (1039)	0.205	0.09
First year, spring	331	15.66 (6.32)	869	16.76 (6.22)	2.73 (1198)	0.006	0.18
Second year, spring	359	14.34 (5.56)	934	16.19 (6.61)	5.07 (7.65)	<0.001	0.29
Third year, spring	240	14.89 (6.35)	581	15.93 (6.06)	2.21 (819)	0.027	0.17
Fourth year, spring	213	14.78 (6.17)	490	16.39 (6.90)	2.93 (701)	0.003	0.24
Social Support
First year, fall	279	6.58 (2.35)	745	6.80 (2.16)	1.40 (1022)	0.163	0.10
First year, spring	319	5.61 (2.33)	845	5.96 (2.27)	2.30 (1162)	0.021	0.15
Second year, spring	349	5.95 (2.22)	929	6.24 (2.24)	2.05 (1276)	0.040	0.13
Third year, spring	230	5.77 (2.36)	578	6.39 (2.19)	3.60 (806)	<0.001	0.28
Fourth year, spring	206	6.05 (2.48)	479	6.30 (2.28)	1.30 (683)	0.194	.011

Note: Fall and spring refer to semesters during which student surveys were completed.

Higher scores reflect greater internalizing symptoms and greater social support.