Table 3. Primary patient and procedure characteristics observed in the overall (N = 13,700), training (N = 10,960) and testing (N = 2740) datasets.
Proportions are presented for categorical variables while mean ± standard deviation (SD) are shown for continuous variables. The comparison of characteristics between the training and testing datasets is also presented.
| Overall (N = 13,700) | Train (N = 10,960) | Test (N = 2740) | diff | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Counts | Proportions /Mean ± SD | Counts | Proportions /Mean ± SD | Counts | Proportions /Mean ± SD | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 51 ± 17 | 52 ± 17 | 51 ± 17 | 0.43 | ||||
| • Geriatric (Age≥65y) | 3,352 | 24% | 2,683 | 24% | 669 | 24% | ||
| Sex: | ||||||||
| • Male | 5,699 | 42% | 4,556 | 42% | 1,143 | 42% | ||
| • Female | 8,001 | 58% | 6,404 | 58% | 1,597 | 58% | 0.91 | |
| Race: | ||||||||
| • White | 11,355 | 83% | 9,062 | 83% | 2,293 | 84% | 0.22 | |
| • African American | 640 | 5% | 527 | 5% | 113 | 4% | 0.14 | |
| • Asian | 1,040 | 7% | 845 | 8% | 195 | 7% | 0.31 | |
| • Other | 665 | 5% | 526 | 5% | 139 | 5% | 0.58 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 7.2 | 28.4 ± 7.2 | 28.5 ± 7.2 | 0.67 | ||||
| • Obese (BMI>30) | 4,094 | 30% | 3,259 | 30% | 835 | 30% | ||
| ASA physical status | ||||||||
| • ASA ≥ 3 | 4,740 | 35% | 3,791 | 35% | 949 | 35% | 0.98 | |
| Medical history or anomalies | ||||||||
| • Cardiac | 5487 | 40% | 4,393 | 40% | 1094 | 40% | 0.90 | |
| • Pulmonary | 3,647 | 27% | 2,907 | 27% | 740 | 27% | 0.63 | |
| • Renal | 1,978 | 14% | 1,609 | 15% | 369 | 13% | 0.11 | |
| • Endocrine (diabetes) | 1,624 | 12% | 1,313 | 12% | 311 | 11% | 0.38 | |
| • Musculoskeletal | 6,874 | 50% | 5,536 | 51% | 1,338 | 49% | 0.12 | |
| • Hepatic | 647 | 5% | 511 | 5% | 136 | 5% | 0.54 | |
| • Neurological | 6,088 | 44% | 4,872 | 44% | 1,216 | 44% | 0.96 | |
| • Cancer | 4,902 | 36% | 3,898 | 36% | 1,004 | 37% | 0.30 | |
| • Sleep apnea (diagnosed or at risk) | 6,470 | 47% | 5,198 | 47% | 1,272 | 46% | 0.36 | |
| • Chronic pain | 516 | 4% | 409 | 4% | 107 | 4% | 0.71 | |
| Social history | ||||||||
| • Smoking status | 1,303 | 10% | 1,038 | 9% | 265 | 10% | 0.78 | |
| • Alcohol abuse | 1,692 | 12% | 1,355 | 12% | 337 | 12% | 0.95 | |
| • Drug abuse | 1,310 | 10% | 1,023 | 9% | 287 | 10% | 0.08 | |
| Psychiatric/Neurological issues | ||||||||
| • Anxiety | 3,521 | 26% | 2,781 | 25% | 740 | 27% | 0.08 | |
| • Depression | 3,342 | 24% | 2,642 | 24% | 700 | 26% | 0.12 | |
| • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | 326 | 2.4% | 253 | 2.3% | 73 | 2.7% | 0.31 | |
| • Spinal cord injury | 255 | 1.9% | 204 | 1.9% | 51 | 1.9% | 1.00 | |
| Home medications | ||||||||
| • On opioids | 3,107 | 23% | 2,463 | 22% | 644 | 24% | 0.26 | |
| • On non-opioid pain medications | 7,116 | 52% | 5,682 | 52% | 1,434 | 52% | 0.66 | |
| Surgical specialty | ||||||||
| • General | 2,955 | 22% | 2,352 | 21% | 603 | 22% | 0.55 | |
| • Neurological | 676 | 5% | 544 | 5% | 132 | 5% | 0.79 | |
| • Orthopedic | 1,091 | 8% | 872 | 8% | 219 | 8% | 0.98 | |
| • Gynecology | 1,436 | 10% | 1,147 | 10% | 289 | 11% | 0.93 | |
| • ENT | 2,511 | 18% | 2,016 | 18% | 495 | 18% | 0.71 | |
| • Urology | 1,999 | 15% | 1,606 | 15% | 393 | 14% | 0.70 | |
| • Thoracic | 504 | 4% | 408 | 4% | 96 | 4% | 0.63 | |
| • Vascular | 167 | 1% | 140 | 1% | 27 | 1% | 0.25 | |
| • Plastic | 1,619 | 12% | 1,302 | 12% | 317 | 12% | 0.68 | |
| • Oral | 400 | 3% | 306 | 3% | 94 | 3% | 0.09 | |
| Surgery duration (min) | 75 ± 56 | 75 ± 56 | 75 ± 55 | 0.86 | ||||
BMI–Body Mass Index, ASA–American Society of Anesthesiologists, ENT–Ear Nose Throat.