Table 2.
Clinicopathological and Glycolytic Characteristics Associated with PD-L1 Expression in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma
| Characteristics | Univariate Analysis OR (95% CI) | P-value | Multivariate Analysis OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.040 (0.981–1.102) | 0.188 | ||
| Gender | 0.545 | |||
| Male | 1.338 (0.521–3.434) | |||
| Female | Reference | |||
| TNM stage | 0.003 | 0.680 | ||
| I–II | Reference | |||
| III–IV | 5.000 (1.748–14.301) | |||
| Tumor size (mm) | 1.063 (1.016–1.112) | 0.008 | 0.672 | |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.002 | 0.870 | ||
| Well/Moderate | Reference | |||
| Poor | 5.025 (1.830–13.800) | |||
| CEA (ng/mL) | 1.004 (0.991–1.016) | 0.563 | ||
| Ki67 | 1.023 (0.995–1.051) | 0.106 | ||
| PD-1 | 0.903 (0.742–1.099) | 0.308 | ||
| GLUT1 | 1.593 (1.216–2.087) | 0.001 | 0.397 | |
| HK-II | 1.610 (1.243–2.085) | <0.001 | 0.144 | |
| SUVmax | 1.396 (1.197–1.728) | <0.0001 | 1.328 (1.066–1.655) | 0.012 |
| MTV (cm3) | 1.109 (0.997–1.233) | 0.056 | ||
| TLG (cm3) | 1.022 (1.000–1.045) | 0.049 | 0.926 |
Abbreviations: PD-L1, programmed death ligand-1; CEA, carcino-embryonic antigen; PD-1, programmed death-1; GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1; HK-II, hexokinase II; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.