Table 4.
Measures of traffic exposure at the residential address during pregnancy and infant weight and adiposity.
| Birth weight (n=1,125)a | Adiposity at birth (n=951)b | Adiposity at 5-month follow-up (n=574)c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traffic measure | Difference (g) and 95% confidence interval | Difference (%) and 95% confidence interval | Difference (%) and 95% confidence interval | |||
| Distance to highway (m) | ||||||
| Q1: [2.74, 396] | 10.8 | (−52.7, 74.3) | −0.12 | (−0.81, 0.58) | 0.30 | (−0.97, 1.56) |
| Q2: (396, 842] | −35.5 | (−98.3, 27.3) | −0.59 | (−1.28, 0.09) | 1.20 | (−0.02, 2.43) |
| Q3: (842, 1706] | 45.7 | (−14.7, 106.1) | 0.07 | (−0.59, 0.74) | 0.43 | (−0.76, 1.62) |
| Q4: (1706, 4590] | Ref | -- | Ref | -- | Ref | -- |
| Binary <150m | −48.7 | (−134.3, 37.0) | 0.09 | (−0.86, 1.04) | 0.22 | (−1.57, 2.01) |
| Distance to other major roadway (m) | ||||||
| Q1: [0.05, 72] | 61.8 | (0.7, 122.9) | 0.07 | (−0.61, 0.75) | 0.30 | (−0.93, 1.52) |
| Q2: (72, 172] | 1.7 | (−59.2, 62.5) | −0.45 | (−1.13, 0.23) | 0.18 | (−1.02, 1.39) |
| Q3: (172, 321] | 43.7 | (−16.6, 103.9) | −0.28 | (−0.95, 0.39) | 0.72 | (−0.49, 1.94) |
| Q4: (321, 2015] | Ref | -- | Ref | -- | Ref | -- |
| Binary <50m | 42.1 | (−12.2, 96.4) | 0.28 | (−0.33, 0.88) | 0.15 | (−0.91, 1.22) |
| Traffic density <150m (vehicles*km/day) | ||||||
| Q1: 0 | Ref | -- | Ref | -- | Ref | -- |
| Q2: 0d | ||||||
| Q3: (27, 2791] | −.8 | (−61.9, 44.4) | −0.17 | (−0.75, 0.42) | −0.08 | (−1.10, 0.94) |
| Q4: (2791, 45896] | 4.8 | (−47.6, 57.2) | 0.21 | (−0.37, 0.79) | −0.11 | (−1.16, 0.93) |
| Traffic density <250m (vehicles*km/day) | ||||||
| Q1: 0 | Ref | -- | Ref | -- | Ref | -- |
| Q2: (7, 3049] | −2.9 | (−64.8, 59.0) | −0.35 | (−1.05, 0.34) | 0.11 | (−1.12, 1.34) |
| Q3: (3049, 9441] | 23.6 | (−35.0, 82.2) | −0.28 | (−0.92, 0.37) | 0.02 | (−1.13, 1.18) |
| Q4: (9441, 99851] | 32.5 | (−26.0, 90.9) | 0.15 | (−0.50, 0.80) | 0.05 | (−1.13, 1.23) |
| Traffic density <500m (vehicles*km/day) | ||||||
| Q1: [0, 9372] | Ref | -- | Ref | -- | Ref | -- |
| Q2: (9372, 23186] | −14.5 | (−74.6, 45.6) | −0.21 | (−0.88, 0.46) | −0.15 | (−1.33, 1.03) |
| Q3: (23186, 42615] | −22.2 | (−82.8, 38.3) | −0.36 | (−1.02, 0.30) | −0.39 | (−1.57, 0.79) |
| Q4: (42615, 291462] | 33.2 | (−29.7, 96.1) | 0.12 | (−0.57, 0.81) | 0.06 | (−1.17, 1.29) |
| Traffic density <1000m (vehicles*km/day) | ||||||
| Q1: [0, 63577] | Ref | -- | Ref | -- | Ref | -- |
| Q2: (63577, 111805] | 2.5 | (−58.0, 63.0) | −0.44 | (−1.11, 0.23) | 0.30 | (−0.90, 1.50) |
| Q3: (111805, 159922] | −22.4 | (−86.1, 41.2) | −0.78 | (−1.49, −0.08) | −0.58 | (−1.85, 0.68) |
| Q4: (159922, 736032] | −16.1 | (−80.8, 48.6) | −0.77 | (−1.48, −0.07) | 0.72 | (−0.53, 1.97) |
a
Model 1: Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, education, race/ethnicity, smoking during pregnancy, gravidity, infant sex, gestational age at birth, and percentage of persons below the poverty level in the Census tract of residence.
b
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 variables and infant age in days at neonatal body composition measurement.
c
Model 3: Adjusted for Model 1 variables except gestational age at birth, and for infant age in days at follow-up and exclusive breastfeeding.
d
For traffic density within 150m of the residence, quartiles 1 and 2 were combined due to the large number of zero values.