Table 1.
Different Parts of Plants Can Provide Cosmetic Ingredients (Examples)
| Location | Plant | Compound | Cosmetic Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bark | Prunus padus | Polyphenol and flavonoid | Skin firming and whitening | (Hwang et al., 2014) |
| Betula | Betulin | Anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial | (Krasutsky, 2007) | |
| Flowers | Dendrobium | Pelargonidin, sinapic, ferulic acids | Skin firming and whitening | (Kanlayavattanakul et al., 2018) |
| Clitoria ternatea | Phenolics | Antioxidant in eye gel | (Kamkaen and Wilkinson, 2009) | |
| Fruit | Carica papaya | Papain | Scar treatment | (Manosroi et al., 2013) |
| Rosa canina | Beta carotene, lycopene, β-chryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein | Anti-inflammatory | (Hodisan et al., 1997; Deliorman Orhan et al., 2007) | |
| Leaves | Taraxacum officinale | Chologenic acid | Antioxidant | (Xie et al., 2018) |
| Fragaria vesca | Ellagitannin | Antioxidant, skin whitening | (Couto et al., 2020) | |
| Nuts | Sapindus mukorossi | Saponins | Detergent | (Almutairi and Ali, 2014; Góral and Wojciechowski, 2020) |
| Corylus avellana | Phenols | Antioxidant | (Delgado et al., 2010) | |
| Petals | Rosa gallica | Anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids | Anti-inflammatory | (Lee et al., 2018) |
| Crocus sativus | Flavonol kaempferol | Skin whitening | (Kubo and Kinst-Hori, 1999) | |
| Pollen | Echium plantagineum | Anthocyanin petunidin-3-O-rutinoside | Varia | (Di Paola-Naranjo et al., 2004; Xi et al., 2018) |
| Helianthus annuus | Safflospermidines | Skin whitening | (Khongkarat et al., 2020) | |
| Roots | Morus nigra | Phenolics 2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone and morachalcone A | Skin whitening | (Zheng et al., 2010) |
| Paeonia lactiflora | Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose | Skin barrier support | (Kim et al., 2020) | |
| Seeds | Aesculus hippocastanum | Saponin escin, flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol | Reduce capillary fragility, cell protective | (Wilkinson and Brown, 1999) |
| Moringa pterygosperma | Tocopherols | Carrier oil | (Kleiman et al., 2008) | |
| Sprouts | Polygonum hydropiper | (2R,3R)-(+)-taxifolin | Skin whitening | (Miyazawa and Tamura, 2007) |
| Glycine max | Proteins and polysaccharides | Anti-aging, whitening | (Lai et al., 2012) | |
| Stems | Chromolaena odorata | α- and β-Pinenes | Aromatic | (Owolabi et al., 2010) |
| Opuntia ficus-indica | ND | Soothing | (Schmid et al., 2020) | |
| Volatiles | varia | Methyl jasmonate | Scent | (Scognamiglio et al., 2012) |
| Eugenia uniflora and others | Terpenoids | Scent, anti-nociceptive, hypothermic | (Kappers et al., 2008; Yazaki et al., 2017; Amorim et al., 2009) |