FIG 5.

Estradiol inhibits replication of transmitted/founder viruses and MJ4. T/F viruses, as well as MJ4, were used to infect PBMCs from a healthy female donor (i.e., donor 140) in media containing 0, 1, or 10 nM E2. (A to D) Representative in vitro viral replication curves over an 11-day period for T/F viruses from 235028, 305136, 305156, and MJ4. The median values of three technical replicates are shown for each treatment at each time point. (E) Percent replication in treated compared to untreated control cells as determined from the AUC in six T/F viruses and MJ4 between days 3 and 11 for each of the treatment groups (Freidman test with Dunn’s multiple-comparison tests, P = 0.003 [between 0 and 10 nM E2] and P = 0.008 [between 0 and 1 nM E2]). (F) Percent replication in treated compared to untreated control cells as determined from the AUC of MJ4 between days 3 and 11 in donors 140, 133, and 485.