Fig. 4.
Increase in inflammatory response of EGV-4T cells following exposure to PM collected in Sasebo, Japan. EGV-4T/TNFα-1, EGV-4T/IL6-1, EGV-4T/IL33v1-6, and EGV-4T/IL33v5-6 cells were exposed to coarse or fine particles corresponding to 80 m3 of air in 1 mL culture medium. After 6 h, the luciferase activity was measured to determine the promoter activity of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Relative activity is shown as a ratio to luciferase activity of cells treated with the extract from the blank filter. Each value represents the mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus the extract from the blank filter.