Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 colon cancer
| Unadjusted logistic regression | Adjusted logistic regression | Adjusted selection from adjusted logistic regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* (95% CI*) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Tumor size (cm) | ||||||
| < 1 | Reference | |||||
| 1–1.9 | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) | 0.180 | ||||
| 2–2.9 | 1.01 (0.79–1.28) | 0.943 | ||||
| 3+ | 1.18 (0.94–1.46) | 0.149 | ||||
| Not stated | 0.86 (0.70–1.07) | 0.173 | ||||
| Histology | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Mucinous carcinoma | 2.03 (1.45–2.80) | < 0.001 | 2.26 (1.61–3.21) | < 0.001 | 2.30 (1.61–3.21) | < 0.001 |
| CEA* | ||||||
| Positive | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Negative | 0.83 (0.64–1.10) | 0.181 | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.047 | 0.76 (0.58–1.00) | 0.047 |
| Borderline/unknown | 0.57 (0.44–0.75) | < 0.001 | 0.56 (0.43–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.56 (0.43–0.74) | < 0.001 |
| Grade | ||||||
| Well-differentiated | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderately differentiated | 1.81 (1.48–2.24) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.42–2.15) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.42–2.15) | < 0.001 |
| Poorly differentiated | 5.19 (3.99–6.75) | < 0.001 | 5.16 (3.96–6.75) | < 0.001 | 5.16 (3.96–6.75) | < 0.001 |
| Undifferentiated | 2.85 (1.33–5.58) | 0.004 | 3.01 (1.39–5.97) | 0.003 | 3.01 (1.39–5.97) | 0.003 |
| Unknown | 0.96 (0.68–1.33) | 0.793 | 0.56 (0.64–1.26) | 0.571 | 0.91 (0.64–1.26) | 0.571 |
| Year | ||||||
| 2004–2006 | Reference | |||||
| 2007–2009 | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 0.064 | ||||
| 2010–2012 | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 0.669 | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Up to 49 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 50–64 | 0.93 (0.75–1.17) | 0.528 | 0.99 (0.79–1.26) | 0.970 | 0.99 (0.79–1.26) | 0.970 |
| 65–79 | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) | < 0.001 |
| 80+ | 0.41 (0.30–0.55) | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Reference | |||||
| Female | 1.08 (0.95–1.24) | 0.243 | ||||
| Race | ||||||
| Black | Reference | |||||
| White | 0.99 (0.81–1.23) | 0.983 | ||||
| Others | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 0.294 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Single/widowed | 0.85 (0.72–0.99) | 0.050 | 0.98 (0.82–1.15) | 0.781 | 0.98 (0.82–1.15) | 0.781 |
| Other/unknown | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) | 0.005 | 0.73 (0.59–0.91) | 0.005 | 0.73 (0.59–0.91) | 0.005 |
| Primary site | ||||||
| Cecum | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Ascending colon | 0.77 (0.63–0.96) | 0.017 | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) | 0.018 | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) | 0.018 |
| Hepatic flexure | 0.91 (0.63–1.28) | 0.597 | 0.91 (0.63–1.29) | 0.592 | 0.91 (0.63–1.29) | 0.592 |
| Transverse colon | 0.85 (0.62–1.14) | 0.296 | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.184 | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.184 |
| Splenic flexure | 0.70 (0.37–1.21) | 0.229 | 0.63 (0.33–1.11) | 0.134 | 0.63 (0.33–1.11) | 0.134 |
| Descending colon | 1.05 (0.75–1.45) | 0.777 | 0.92 (0.64–1.28) | 0.612 | 0.92 (0.64–1.28) | 0.612 |
| Sigmoid colon | 1.41 (1.18–1.69) | < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.05–1.53) | 0.014 | 1.26 (1.05–1.53) | 0.014 |
*OR odd ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen