Table 5.
Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival in T1 colon cancer
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Variable selection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR* (95% CI*) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| N stage | ||||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| N1/N2 | 2.95 (2.31–3.76) | < 0.001 | 3.02 (2.34–3.89) | < 0.001 | 3.00 (2.33–3.87) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor size (cm) | ||||||
| < 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–1.9 | 1.22 (0.84–1.79) | 0.296 | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) | 0.661 | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) | 0.649 |
| 2–2.9 | 1.44 (0.97–2.15) | 0.073 | 1.21 (0.81–1.80) | 0.364 | 1.21 (0.81–1.80) | 0.341 |
| 3+ | 1.90 (1.33–2.73) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.09–2.26) | 0.015 | 1.57 (1.09–2.26) | 0.014 |
| Not stated | 0.88 (0.60–1.29) | 0.504 | 0.93 (0.63–1.37) | 0.702 | 0.93 (0.63–1.37) | 0.709 |
| Histology | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Mucinous carcinoma | 2.11 (1.33–3.36) | 0.002 | 1.45 (0.90–2.33) | 0.124 | 1.45 (0.90–2.33) | 0.114 |
| CEA* | ||||||
| Positive | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Negative | 0.33 (0.23–0.47) | < 0.001 | 0.40 (0.28–0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.40 (0.28–0.58) | < 0.001 |
| Borderline/unknown | 0.35 (0.25–0.50) | < 0.001 | 0.45 (0.32–0.63) | < 0.001 | 0.45 (0.32–0.64) | < 0.001 |
| Grade | ||||||
| Well-differentiated | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderately differentiated | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 0.697 | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) | 0.834 | 1.02 (0.76–1.37) | 0.874 |
| Poorly differentiated | 1.92 (1.29–2.87) | 0.001 | 1.49 (0.99–2.24) | 0.057 | 1.48 (0.98–2.23) | 0.060 |
| Undifferentiated | 3.43 (1.48–7.93) | 0.004 | 3.03 (1.30–7.05) | 0.010 | 2.99 (1.29–6.96) | 0.011 |
| Unknown | 0.77 (0.48–1.24) | 0.285 | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | 0.604 | 0.88 (0.54–1.43) | 0.599 |
| Year | ||||||
| 2004–2006 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 2007–2009 | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.274 | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) | 0.474 | 0.91 (0.70–1.19) | 0.488 |
| 2010–2012 | 0.63 (0.46–0.87) | 0.004 | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.014 | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 0.016 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Up to 49 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 50–64 | 0.96 (0.59–1.54) | 0.855 | 1.07 (0.66–1.74) | 0.778 | 1.07 (0.66–1.74) | 0.774 |
| 65–79 | 1.58 (0.99–2.50) | 0.052 | 1.63 (1.02–2.60) | 0.040 | 1.65 (1.04–2.62) | 0.033 |
| 80+ | 3.53 (2.19–5.70) | < 0.001 | 3.33 (2.03–5.45) | < 0.001 | 3.37 (2.08–5.47) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Reference | |||||
| Female | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | 0.694 | ||||
| Race | ||||||
| Black | Reference | |||||
| White | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 0.954 | ||||
| Others | 0.56 (0.42–0.74) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Single/widowed | 2.00 (1.58–2.53) | < 0.001 | 1.62 (1.27–2.06) | < 0.001 | 1.62 (1.27–2.06) | < 0.001 |
| Other/unknown | 1.02 (0.72–1.46) | 0.905 | 1.01 (0.70–1.44) | 0.971 | 1.01 (0.70–1.44) | 0.967 |
| Primary site | ||||||
| Cecum | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Ascending colon | 1.02 (0.76–1.37) | 0.897 | 1.19 (0.88–1.60) | 0.263 | ||
| Hepatic flexure | 0.82 (0.48–1.41) | 0.479 | 0.91 (0.53–1.56) | 0.725 | ||
| Transverse colon | 0.77 (0.48–1.24) | 0.284 | 1.01 (0.63–1.62) | 0.982 | ||
| Splenic flexure | 0.13 (0.02–0.96) | 0.045 | 0.20 (0.03–1.42) | 0.107 | ||
| Descending colon | 0.73 (0.41–1.29) | 0.280 | 1.03 (0.58–1.83) | 0.916 | ||
| Sigmoid colon | 0.73 (0.54–0.98) | 0.038 | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.810 | ||
*HR hazard ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen