Table 1.
Whole-brain analysis of action sequencing during the study phase
| Contrasts and Anatomical Label | MNI coordinate | Voxels | max t | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | y | z | |||
| Sequencing > Nonsequential Control | |||||
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 20 | −76 | −36 | 532 | 5.29*** |
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 32 | −80 | −36 | 4.58*** | |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −28 | −84 | −28 | 320 | 4.97*** |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −18 | −78 | −40 | 4.24*** | |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −28 | −78 | −38 | 4.23*** | |
| L Middle Occipital Gyrus | −42 | −68 | 6 | 1783 | 8.41*** |
| R Middle Temporal Gyrus | 44 | −66 | 4 | 1315 | 8.38*** |
| L Precuneus | −6 | −50 | 10 | 541 | 5.02*** |
| L Hippocampus | −24 | −8 | −22 | 158 | 5.28* |
| L Middle Temporal Gyrus | −56 | 4 | −20 | 162 | 4.82* |
| Social Sequencing > Nonsequential Control | |||||
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 20 | −76 | −36 | 633 | 5.94*** |
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 32 | −78 | −34 | 5.02*** | |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −30 | −84 | −28 | 464 | 5.34*** |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −30 | −78 | −36 | 5.03*** | |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −18 | −78 | −36 | 4.39*** | |
| L Middle Occipital Gyrus | −42 | −68 | 6 | 1,967 | 8.10*** |
| R Middle Temporal Gyrus including TPJ | 44 | −66 | 4 | 1,340 | 7.83*** |
| L Posterior Cingulate Cortex | 0 | -52 | 30 | 816 | 6.00*** |
| L Middle Temporal Gyrus | −64 | −12 | −12 | 683 | 5.45*** |
| L Hippocampus | −24 | −8 | −22 | 194 | 5.73* |
| mPFC | −8 | 62 | 26 | 289 | 4.48** |
| Nonsocial Sequencing > Nonsequential Control | |||||
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 20 | −76 | −36 | 310 | 4.32*** |
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 30 | −80 | −32 | 3.94*** | |
| R Middle Temporal Gyrus | 46 | −68 | 4 | 1217 | 8.47*** |
| L Middle Occipital Gyrus | −42 | −68 | 6 | 1411 | 8.22*** |
| L Precuneus | −6 | −50 | 10 | 225 | 5.05** |
| Social Sequencing > Nonsocial Sequencing | |||||
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 24 | −86 | −40 | 120 | 4.07° |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −32 | −80 | −36 | 123 | 4.41° |
| R Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | 50 | −60 | 28 | 221 | 4.52** |
| L Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | −40 | −56 | 24 | 584 | 5.58*** |
| L Precuneus | −8 | −54 | 38 | 931 | 6.16*** |
| R Middle Temporal Gyrus | 62 | −4 | −20 | 444 | 5.95*** |
| L Medial Temporal Gyrus | −48 | 12 | −28 | 1,094 | 6.08*** |
| mPFC | −2 | 48 | 40 | 342 | 4.13*** |
| Nonsocial Sequencing > Social Sequencing | |||||
| --- | |||||
| 20 s > 40 s (all Sequencing conditions) | |||||
| R Lingual Gyrus | 4 | −78 | −2 | 10825 | 10.53*** |
| L Hippocampus | −22 | −30 | −4 | 195 | 6.06* |
| L Precentral Gyrus | −48 | −4 | 54 | 6483 | 6.72*** |
| L Middle Frontal Gyrus | −38 | 48 | 12 | 382 | 4.57*** |
| 40 s > 20 s (all Sequencing conditions) | |||||
| R Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | 54 | −64 | 30 | 25,8 | 5.58** |
| L Angular Gyrus including TPJ | −44 | −64 | 30 | 340 | 4.46*** |
| Social 20 s > Social 40 s | |||||
| R Lingual Gyrus | 4 | −78 | −2 | 2076 | 8.12*** |
| R Middle Occipital Gyrus | 32 | −74 | 24 | 585 | 5.24*** |
| L Fusiform Gyrus | −34 | −72 | −14 | 1725 | 5.86*** |
| L Precentral Gyrus | −48 | −4 | 54 | 451 | 5.19*** |
| Social 40 s > Social 20 s | |||||
| R Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | 54 | −64 | 28 | 223 | 5.32** |
| L Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | −44 | −64 | 28 | 270 | 4.24** |
| R Calcarine Gyrus | 16 | −56 | 10 | 194 | 4.82* |
| Nonsocial 20 s > Nonsocial 40 s | |||||
| L Lingual Gyrus | −30 | −88 | −14 | 2849 | 5.59*** |
| R Lingual Gyrus | 4 | −78 | −2 | 3048 | 8.35*** |
| R Superior Parietal Lobule | 24 | −64 | 50 | 1326 | 5.28*** |
| L Precentral Gyrus | −46 | −6 | 56 | 269 | 5.45*** |
| Nonsocial 40 s > Nonsocial 20 s | |||||
| --- | |||||
| Spreading Interaction: Social 40 s > (Social 20 s = Nonsocial 20 s = Nonsocial 40 s) | |||||
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 26 | −84 | −40 | 452 | 5.24*** |
| R Cerebellum (Crus 2) | 34 | −78 | −36 | 4.49*** | |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −30 | −78 | −36 | 509 | 5.68*** |
| L Cerebellum (Crus 2) | −20 | −86 | −36 | 5.08*** | |
| R Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | 54 | −60 | 28 | 585 | 6.98*** |
| L Angular Gyrus, including TPJ | −42 | −58 | 24 | 838 | 6.72*** |
| L Posterior Cingulate Cortex | 0 | −52 | 32 | 1062 | 6.44*** |
| L Middle Temporal Gyrus | −58 | −8 | −24 | 611 | 6.39*** |
| R Middle Temporal Gyrus | 60 | −2 | −18 | 320 | 5.61*** |
| mPFC | −10 | 38 | 56 | 154 | 5.46* |
Coordinates refer to the MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) stereotaxic space. Whole-brain analysis thresholded at voxel-wise uncorrected p < 0.001 with cluster-wise FWE corrected p < 0.05, with voxel extent ≥10. Only the highest peaks of each cluster are shown, except for the cerebellum showing all peaks. L = left, R = right
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (peak FWE corrected). °p < 0.08, cluster-level FWE corrected and p < 0.005 cluster-level FWE corrected using a small volume correction with a sphere with 15-mm radius and centered around a priori MNI coordinates [±24 −76 −40] (Van Overwalle & Mariën, 2016; Van Overwalle et al., 2019b, 2020a, b)