Table 2.
Key cell surface proteins and associated tetraspanins in dendritic cell immune function [85–88, 91, 100, 126, 167–169]
| Maturation markers | Function | Tetraspanin interactiona | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adhesion | Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) | Stimulate moDC migration by reducing adhesion and promoting protrusion formation | Unknown |
| Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA1) | Integrin able to regulate the duration of contact between DCs and naïve T cells during antigen presentation | CD9 [41], CD53 [49, 170, 171], CD81 [172], CD82 [48] | |
| Antigen cross-presentation | Major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) | Allow presentation of intracellular protein-derived peptides to CD8+ T cells | CD53 [49, 173], CD82 [174] |
| Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) | Allow presentation of extracellular protein-derived peptides to CD4+ T cells | CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63b, CD81, CD82 [49, 173, 175–178] | |
| Co-stimulation | CD40 | Receptor involved in further DC activation | Unknown |
| CD80, CD83, CD86 | Co-stimulatory surface proteins needed for T-cell activation | CD151 [179]c | |
| Migration | Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) | Chemokine receptor required for DC migration to the LN | Unknown |
| C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) | Interaction with podoplanin, a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of LECs and FRCs | CD37 [127] |
aTetraspanin interaction with these molecules has not all been reported on DCs
bCD63 is localised intracellularly
cCD151 on DCs controls co-stimulation of T cells during antigen presentation via MHC-II, but the exact mechanism is unknown