Table 4.

Surgical treatment in 93 patients with spinal implant-associated infections

Surgical treatment	All patients (n = 93)	Patients treated with biofilm-active antibiotics (n = 30)	Patients treated with biofilm-non-active antibiotics (n = 63)	p value
Debridement and retention of implanta	80 (86)	24 (80)	56 (89)	0.338
One stage exchange of implant (partial or complete)	6 (6)	3 (10)	3 (5)	0.383
Complete removal of implant	7 (8)	3 (10)	4 (6)	0.677

Data are n. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated

^aAmong patients with retained implant, S. aureus was isolated in 8 of 24 patients (33%) with biofilm-active antibiotics and in 22 of 56 patients (39%) without biofilm-active antibiotics