Table 1.
Physicochemical properties of pure silica HMS, NR/HMS precursor, and MCS nanocomposites prepared under different conditions.
| Sample | Carbon contentb (wt.%) | SBETc (m2 g−1) | Sextd (m2 g−1) | Dpe (nm) | Vtf (cm3 g−1) | Vpg (cm3 g−1) | d100h (nm) | a0i (nm) | Wtj (nm) | Vmk (cm3 g−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMS | n.d. | 815 | 216 | 2.94 | 1.80 | 0.50 | 4.80 | 5.55 | 2.61 | 82.9 |
| NR/HMSa | 23.9 | 589 | 323 | 2.35 | 1.40 | 0.16 | 5.08 | 5.87 | 3.52 | 40.1 |
| MCS-0.5G-0.05M-350 | 9.1 | 737 | 399 | 2.42 | 1.70 | 0.23 | 4.80 | 5.55 | 3.13 | n.d |
| MCS-0.5G-0.05M-450 | 4.2 | 766 | 450 | 2.44 | 1.73 | 0.24 | 4.75 | 5.49 | 3.05 | n.d |
| MCS-0.5G-0.05M-700 | 3.4 | 675 | 387 | 2.40 | 1.44 | 0.15 | 4.91 | 5.67 | 3.27 | 41.6 |
| MCS-0.5G-0.05M-800 | 3.3 | 338 | 184 | 1.80 | 0.93 | 0.07 | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d |
| MCS-0.5G-0.50M-700 | 4.3 | 670 | 342 | 2.37 | 1.42 | 0.21 | 4.91 | 5.67 | 3.30 | 35.2 |
| MCS-0.5G-1.00M-700 | 10.4 | 664 | 322 | 2.37 | 1.41 | 0.19 | 4.97 | 5.73 | 3.36 | 22.0 |
| MCS-0.5G-1.50M-700 | 13.1 | 524 | 312 | 2.24 | 1.18 | 0.11 | 5.02 | 5.80 | 3.56 | 34.4 |
| MCS-0.5G-2.00M-700 | 16.1 | 500 | 316 | 2.12 | 1.14 | 0.10 | 5.08 | 5.87 | 3.75 | 45.2 |
| MCS-1.0G-1.00M-700 | 10.2 | 631 | 311 | 2.24 | 1.35 | 0.17 | 4.97 | 5.73 | 3.49 | 23.5 |
| MCS-1.5G-1.00M-700 | 10.8 | 602 | 287 | 2.22 | 1.30 | 0.17 | 4.97 | 5.73 | 3.41 | 22.0 |
n.d. not determined.
aExtracted in a 0.05 M H2SO4/ethanol solution.
bDetermined by TGA.
cBET surface area.
dExternal surface area determined from t-plot curves.
ePore diameter calculated using the BJH method.
fTotal pore volume.
gMesopore volume.
hInterplanar spacing of the (100) plane (d100) obtained from XRD analysis.
iThe repeat distance (a0) between pore centers of the hexagonal structure was calculated from a0 = 2d100/3½
jThe framework wall thickness was determined by subtracting the BJH mesopore size from the repeat distance between pore centers.
kDetermined by water adsorption–desorption.