Table 1.
Polyphenol: | ‘Carisma’ | ‘Marlate’ | ‘Saga’ | ‘Senga Sengana’ | All F1-hybrids | ‘Carisma’ × ‘Senga Sengana’ | ‘Marlate’ × ‘Senga Sengana’ | ‘Saga × ‘Senga Sengana’ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthocyanins: | ||||||||
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside | 1.000 ± 0.033 | 0.083 ± 0.054 | 1.463 ± 0.089 | 1.517 ± 0.185 | 1.340 ± 0.955 | 1.484 ± 0.809 | 0.580 ± 0.325 | 1.993 ± 1.110 |
Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside | 26.27 ± 1.01 | 11.43 ± 1.15 | 32.44 ± 2.75 | 25.10 ± 0.73 | 26.56 ± 10.45 | 29.41 ± 9.01 | 19.49 ± 8.96 | 30.91 ± 9.54 |
Pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside | 2.238 ± 0.050 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 5.175 ± 0.349 | 1.367 ± 0.033 | 1.97 ± 1.699 | 3.492 ± 1.453 | 0.288 ± 0.440 | 2.102 ± 1.044 |
Cyanidin-3-O-malonylglucoside | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.100 ± 0.063 | 0.107 ± 0.216 | 0.038 ± 0.099 | 0.024 ± 0.096 | 0.267 ± 0.298 |
Pelargonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.783 ± 0.378 | 5.275 ± 0.597 | 4.050 ± 0.134 | 3.358 ± 2.946 | 1.935 ± 1.907 | 2.811 ± 1.792 | 5.447 ± 3.613 |
Pelargonidin-3-O-acetylglucoside | 0.013 ± 0.013 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.238 ± 0.026 | 0.033 ± 0.021 | 0.133 ± 0.213 | 0.153 ± 0.182 | 0.040 ± 0.098 | 0.207 ± 0.287 |
Total anthocyanins | 29.54 ± 1.07 | 14.30 ± 1.58 | 44.63 ± 3.78 | 32.10 ± 1.14 | 33.50 ± 13.73 | 36.55 ± 11.05 | 23.23 ± 11.04 | 40.97 ± 12.45 |
Cinnamic acids: | ||||||||
Cinnamoyl glucose | 4.363 ± 0.195 | 28.933 ± 2.922 | 7.413 ± 0.529 | 10.58 ± 0.992 | 13.078 ± 9.822 | 8.752 ± 5.748 | 20.369 ± 12.145 | 10.078 ± 5.252 |
p-Caffeoylhexose | 0.213 ± 0.139 | 0.233 ± 0.148 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.217 ± 0.138 | 0.725 ± 0.658 | 0.600 ± 0.725 | 1.068 ± 0.513 | 0.502 ± 0.573 |
p-Coumaroylhexose 1 | 10.25 ± 0.39 | 6.00 ± 0.208 | 4.70 ± 0.285 | 4.85 ± 0.397 | 6.627 ± 3.656 | 8.207 ± 4.202 | 5.570 ± 2.949 | 6.046 ± 3.121 |
p-Coumaroylhexose 2 | 1.613 ± 0.061 | 0.817 ± 0.031 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.983 ± 0.040 | 0.843 ± 0.577 | 1.044 ± 0.640 | 0.812 ± 0.534 | 0.661 ± 0.480 |
Ferulic acid hexose derivative | 1.138 ± 0.065 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.763 ± 0.132 | 1.183 ± 0.048 | 0.621 ± 0.579 | 0.841 ± 0.527 | 0.249 ± 0.429 | 0.776 ± 0.581 |
Total cinnamic acids | 17.55 ± 0.76 | 35.93 ± 3.15 | 12.88 ± 0.50 | 17.80 ± 1.46 | 21.90 ± 11.32 | 19.44 ± 9.05 | 28.07 ± 13.37 | 18.07 ± 8.12 |
Ellagic acids: | ||||||||
Ellagic acid pentoside | 0.250 ± 0.094 | 0.650 ± 0.056 | 0.00 ± 0.0 | 0.417 ± 0.031 | 0.261 ± 0.299 | 0.093 ± 0.219 | 0.510 ± 0.270 | 0.180 ± 0.224 |
Ellagic acid deoxyhexoside | 0.938 ± 0.038 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.525 ± 0.053 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.305 ± 0.315 | 0.620 ± 0.189 | 0.002 ± 0.015 | 0.284 ± 0.263 |
Ellagic acid | 0.538 ± 0.038 | 0.617 ± 0.060 | 0.263 ± 0.060 | 0.317 ± 0.079 | 0.354 ± 0.193 | 0.363 ± 0.173 | 0.413 ± 0.168 | 0.282 ± 0.215 |
Total ellagic acids | 1.675 ± 0.080 | 1.267 ± 0.106 | 0.788 ± 0.117 | 0.733 ± 0.109 | 0.916 ± 0.363 | 1.076 ± 0.393 | 0.925 ± 0.338 | 0.746 ± 0.278 |
Ellagitannin | ||||||||
Agrimoniin | 9.250 ± 0.163 | 4.167 ± 0.191 | 6.338 ± 0.450 | 2.917 ± 0.149 | 4.677 ± 1.871 | 5.388 ± 1.999 | 3.550 ± 1.482 | 5.096 ± 1.532 |
Flavonols: | ||||||||
Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide | 3.463 ± 0.151 | 0.733 ± 0.042 | 3.500 ± 0.216 | 1.700 ± 0.193 | 2.475 ± 1.317 | 3.227 ± 1.359 | 1.302 ± 0.601 | 2.898 ± 0.921 |
Quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside | 0.013 ± 0.013 | 0.183 ± 0.017 | 0.050 ± 0.019 | 0.133 ± 0.021 | 0.116 ± 0.151 | 0.057 ± 0.079 | 0.115 ± 0.120 | 0.181 ± 0.204 |
Kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide | 1.425 ± 0.037 | 0.250 ± 0.022 | 0.563 ± 0.026 | 0.267 ± 0.021 | 0.526 ± 0.371 | 0.916 ± 0.294 | 0.247 ± 0.166 | 0.403 ± 0.223 |
Kaempferol-3-O-malonylglucoside | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.283 ± 0.022 | 0.263 ± 0.031 | 0.200 ± 0.0 | 0.220 ± 0.178 | 0.152 ± 0.145 | 0.254 ± 0.161 | 0.258 ± 0.206 |
Kaempferol-3-O-coumaroylglucoside | 0.150 ± 0.019 | 0.200 ± 0.026 | 0.425 ± 0.031 | 0.433 ± 0.021 | 0.320 ± 0.163 | 0.288 ± 0.188 | 0.306 ± 0.129 | 0.369 ± 0.157 |
Total flavonols: | 5.075 ± 0.191 | 1.683 ± 0.091 | 4.813 ± 0.159 | 2.733 ± 0.214 | 3.665 ± 1.600 | 4.654 ± 1.489 | 2.233 ± 0.851 | 4.107 ± 1.220 |
For the parental lines, the standard error of the means is given, while for the hybrid populations the standard deviation is presented. Values for parents are mean ± 1 SE (n = 6–8). For hybrids the values are mean ± 1 SD (n = 2)