Table 1.

Pathogens that induce ACOD1 expression

Pathogens	Host	Burden	Induction time	Fold change	Function	Animal model	Ref
Bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus	Blood from healthy human donors	1 × 106/ml	4 h	4	Sepsis biomarker	NA	12
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium	NA	600 CFU		10–50	Antimicrobial activity	Zebrafish	16
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis	Cecum Spleen	107 CFU 107 CFU	4 dpi 4 dpi	222 96.62	NA NA	S. Enteritidis-infected chickens	102–104
Escherichia coli	Blood from healthy human donors	4 ×103/ml	4 h	4	Sepsis biomarker	NA	12
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis	RAW264.7 cells J774A.1 cells BMDMs	NA	2–6 h	4	NA	NA	40
Mycobacterium smegmatis	RAW264.7 cells	NA	8 h	NA	NA	NA	40
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	WT, Tlr2−/−, Tlr4−/−, Myd88−/−, Tirap−/−, and Trif−/−	MOI 5	24 h	>4	NA	WT, Tlr2−/−/Tlr4−/−, and Myd88-/ C57BL/6 mice	9
	BMDMs	600 CFU	21 dpi	>3
	Lung
Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete	J774A.1 cells	NA	24 h	196.02	NA	NA	90
Burkholderia pseudomallei LPS mutant strain	RAW264.7 cells	MOI 2	4 h	NA	NA	NA	48
Legionella pneumophila	Lung BMDMs	1 × 106/40 µl in vivo	8 h	100 400	Antimicrobial activity	L. pneumophila-infected C57BL/6 J mice	28
Chlamydia pneumoniae	Lung ANA-1 cells	2.5 ×106 IFU MOI 10	3 dpi 8 h	20.1 9.1	NA	C. pneumoniae-infected C57BL/6 mice	46
Listeria monocytogenes	Spleen	0.1 × LD50	48 h	500	Mitochondrial localization	L. monocytogenes-infected C57BL/6 mice	14
Virus
Respiratory syncytial virus	A549 cells Lung	MOI 1 5 ×106 PFU/100 µl in vivo	36 h	6	Promote ROS production and immune lung injury	RSV-infected BALB/c mice	93
Zika virus	Primary neurons Brain	MOI 0.1 in vitro	24 h	>8	Antimicrobial activity	ZIKV-infected C57BL/6NJ and C57BL/6 J mice	11
		103 PFU/50 µl in vivo		>16
Marek’s disease virus	Spleen	103 PFU/200 µl	2–4 dpi	14	SNPs promote MDV susceptibility	MDV-infected chicks	89
Influenza A virus	Lung	2 ×103 FFU	48 h	8	NA	IAV-infected DBA/2 J mice	105
West Nile virus	Brain Primary neurons	102 PFU/50 µl in vivo	8 dpi	4	Antimicrobial activity	WNV-infected C57BL/6NJ mice	11
		MOI 0.001	24 h	>4
Vesicular stomatitis virus	PMs Lung Liver Spleen	MOI 0.1 5 × 107 PFU/g 5 × 107 PFU/g 5 × 107 PFU/g	8 h 24 h 24 h 24 h	>250 >100 >200 >400	Promote viral replication	VSV-infected C57BL/6 J mice	22
Herpes simplex virus 1	PMs Lung Liver Spleen	MOI 1 5 × 107 PFU/g 5 × 107 PFU/g 5 × 107 PFU/g	8 h 24 h 24 h 24 h	300 20 10 20	Promote viral replication	HSV-1–infected C57BL/6 J mice	22
Parasite
Toxoplasma gondii	Spleen Lung	20 cysts	12 dpi 12 dpi	2 10	Mitochondrial localization	T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice	14
Leishmania donovani	Splenic macrophages Spleen	5 Parasites per macrophage 1 ×106	28 dpi	>10 >100	NA	L. donovani-infected hamsters	32