Fig. 2. Genetic transformation of Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the regeneration of transgenic lines.

a Coculture of proembryonic masses (PEMs) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens on two layers of filter paper soaked in 2 ml suspension liquid (MS + 200 μmol AS). b The transformed PEMs cultured on X3CC (X3 + 200 mg·L⁻¹ carb + 200 mg·L⁻¹ Cef) medium after the elimination of the bacteria. c The transformed PEMs cultured on X3CCK75 (X3 + 200 mg·L⁻¹ carb + 200 mg·L⁻¹ Cef + 75 mg·L⁻¹ kanamycin) medium. d–f Appearance of kanamycin-resistant somatic embryos. g Kanamycin-resistant somatic embryos transferred to germination medium and cultured under light. h Germination of resistant plantlets. iMLO-edited lines domesticated in the phytotron.