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. 2020 Jul 31;10:12980. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69547-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental results of samples with glucose concentration in DI water with 10% of horse serum content. (a) S21 response of the sensor for glucose concentrations from 0 to 30 mM/l. (b) Amplitude variations versus glucose concentration from the same experiment. (c) Frequency shift versus glucose concentration. It could be seen that, according to lower permittivity of serum in comparison with water, the total permittivity of water-serum solution is reduced and therefore the impact of the glucose variation on the overall permittivity of the solution is reduced as well which results in a lower sensitivity of 43 kHz/1 mM/l of glucose concentration. (if we had return to zero results we could integrate them with this fig as well), (d) a calibration curve for glucose concentration versus the measured frequency shift. Note that the calibration curve provides a reasonable fit with the data point despite of some errors which may be related to slight variability in the experimental samples.