Table 5.
Comparative analysis of characteristics between male and female patients in the study groups
| Variables | Male T2D patients | Female T2D patients | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 180 (100%) | N = 120 (100%) | ||
| Age | 39.46 ± 9.99 | 38.63 ± 8.74 | 0.46 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.99 ± 5.25 | 29.64 ± 5.53 | 0.01* |
| FPI | 9.27 ± 1.24 | 9.39 ± 1.30 | 0.421 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 138.08 ± 35.30 | 135.73 ± 38.43 | 0.586 |
| PPG (mg/dl) | 206.66 ± 44.60 | 197.85 ± 55.31 | 0.129 |
| HbA1c | 6.77 ± 0.70 | 6.81 ± 0.71 | 0.63 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 143.36 ± 18.74 | 142.99 ± 19.55 | 0.869 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 102.48 ± 16.33 | 101.10 ± 14.60 | 0.455 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 248.47 ± 13.51 | 247.26 ± 16.48 | 0.487 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 44.52 ± 9.66 | 46.33 ± 13.40 | 0.175 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 204.28 ± 15.71 | 202.88 ± 22.16 | 0.532 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 390.38 ± 85.02 | 376.61 ± 91.37 | 0.183 |
| Non-vegetable consumption | |||
| Yes | 132 (73.33%) | 92 (76.67%) | |
| No | 48 (26.67%) | 28 (23.33%) | 0.515 |
| High fast food consumption | |||
| Yes | 61 (33.89%) | 41 (34.17%) | |
| No | 119 (66.11%) | 79 (65.83%) | 0.96 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Yes | 113 (62.78%) | 25 (20.83%) | 0.001* |
| No | 67 (37.22%) | 95 (79.17%) | |
| Alcoholism | |||
| Yes | 120 (66.67%) | 19 (15.83%) | 0.001* |
| No | 60 (33.33%) | 101 (84.17%) | |
| High sugar-sweetened beverage consumption | |||
| Yes | 33 (18.33%) | 29 (24.17%) | 0.221 |
| No | 147 (81.67%) | 91 (75.83%) | |
| High-calorie intake | |||
| Yes | 49 (27.22%) | 33 (27.5%) | 0.957 |
| No | 131 (72.78%) | 87 (72.5%) | |
| Daily exercise | |||
| Yes | 75 (41.67%) | 51 (42.5%) | 0.886 |
| No | 105 (58.33%) | 69 (57.5%) | |
Data presented as mean ± SD for biochemical parameters and p values calculated by Student’s t test. p values of demographic characteristics are calculated by chi-square test. Significant at p < 0.05