Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Normal Ejection Fraction
| Characteristic | (n = 137) |
|---|---|
| Age (y) | 52 ± 18 |
| Female sex | 64 (46.7%) |
| Race | |
| White | 96 (70.1%) |
| Black | 9 (6.6%) |
| Asian | 11 (8.0%) |
| Native American | 1 (0.7) |
| Other | 20 (14.6%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 6.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 122 ± 20 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72 ± 11 |
| Persistent atrial fibrillation | 9 (6.6%) |
| Ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia | 6 (4.4%) |
| Family history of HCM in first-degree relative | 26 (19.0%) |
| Medication | |
| Beta-blocker | 101 (73.7%) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 44 (32.1%) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 11 (8.0%) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 16 (11.7%) |
| Diuretic | 53 (38.7%) |
| Loop diuretic | 28 (20.4%) |
| Thiazide | 11 (8.0%) |
| Potassium-sparing | 6 (4.4%) |
| Clonidine | 3 (2.2%) |
| Digoxin | 3 (2.2%) |
| Aspirin | 38 (27.7%) |
| Anticoagulant | 26 (19.0%) |
| Statin | 40 (29.2%) |
| Amiodarone | 13 (9.5%) |
| Disopyramide | 14 (10.2%) |
| New York Heart Association functional class (n = 113) | |
| 1 | 25 (22.1%) |
| 2 | 48 (42.5%) |
| 3 | 34 (30.1%) |
| 4 | 6 (5.3%) |
| Genetic testing (n = 57) | |
| Positive | 27 (47.4%) |
| Negative | 24 (42.1%) |
| Variant of unknown significance | 6 (10.5%) |
| Echocardiography-derived parameters | |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 43.0 ± 6.6 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm) | 25.6 ± 5.7 |
| Interventricular septal thickness (mm) | 17.4 ± 5.0 |
| Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (mm) | 12.6 ± 3.8 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 60 ± 18 |
| Diastolic dysfunction grade (n = 45) | |
| Normal | 2 (4.4%) |
| 1 | 28 (62.2%) |
| 2 | 10 (22.2%) |
| 3 | 5 (11.1%) |
| E/e′ | 13.8 ± 6.3 |
| Lateral e′ (cm/s) | 7.8 ± 3.0 |
| Obstructive HCM | 39 (28.5%) |
| Distribution of hypertrophy (n = 103) | |
| Asymmetric septal hypertrophy | 71 (68.9%) |
| Diffuse hypertrophy | 22 (21.4%) |
| Localized hypertrophy | 6 (5.8%) |
| Apical hypertrophy | 4 (3.8%) |
| Predictor of sudden cardiac death* | |
| Maximum wall thickness (mm) | 17 ± 5.0 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 43 (35–48) |
| Maximum LVOT gradient (mm Hg) | 28 (1–74) |
| Family history of sudden cardiac death | 8 (5.8%) |
| Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia | 12 (8.8%) |
| History of unexplained syncope | 19 (13.9%) |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range). HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract
*
Predictors are defined according to the 2014 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.8