Table 2.
Clinical variables for cases and controls. Continuous variables are listed as median (1st, 3rd quartiles) with p value by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Categorical variables are listed as n (%) with odds ratio, its 95% CI and p value by conditional logistic regression
| Cases | Controls | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9594 | 9594 | ||
| Age | 74.9 (62.2, 84.8) | 74.3 (61.6, 84.2) | ||
| Female | 5663 (59%) | 5663 (59%) | ||
| Race | ||||
| African American | 981 (10%) | 981 (10%) | ||
| White | 6599 (69%) | 6599 (69%) | ||
| Other | 2014 (21%) | 2014 (21%) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2(n = 7952 cases and 4897 controls) | 22.1 (18.9, 26.2) | 28.1 (24.6, 32.5) | < 0.0001 | |
| Weight, kg (n = 8638 cases and 6006 controls) | 60.7 (50.5, 73.8) | 79.5 (65.9, 94.8) | < 0.0001 | |
| Albumin, mg/dl (n = 8686 cases and 5409 controls) | 3.6 (3.1, 4.0) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.3) | < 0.0001 | |
| Prealbumin, mg/dl (n = 1336 cases and 105 controls) | 14 (9, 20) | 20 (12, 25) | 0.0215 | |
| Diabetes with complication | 1247 (13) | 337 (3.5) | 4.33 (3.80, 4.94) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes without complications | 2412 (25.1) | 1547 (16.1) | 1.80 (1.67, 1.94) | < 0.0001 |
| HgbA1C, % (n = 3379 cases and 1624 controls) | 5.9 (5.5, 6.7) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.7) | 0.9205 | |
| Hypertension | 6009 (62.6) | 3621 (37.7) | 3.26 (3.04, 3.49) | < 0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6769 (70.6) | 3862 (40.3) | 4.49 (4.17, 4.85) | < 0.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1809 (18.9) | 590 (6.1) | 3.76 (3.38, 4.17) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 | 2142 (22.3) | 690 (7.2) | 3.96 (3.59, 4.38) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 4 | 636 (6.6) | 151 (1.6) | 4.51 (3.75, 5.43) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 5 or end stage kidney disease | 462 (4.8) | 63 (0.7) | 8.39 (6.33, 11.12) | < 0.0001 |
| Any malignancy | 2923 (30.5) | 949 (9.9) | 4.08 (3.75, 4.45) | < 0.0001 |
| Liver disease | 1011 (10.5) | 252 (2.6) | 4.41 (3.82, 5.11) | < 0.0001 |
| Depression | 1396 (14.6) | 173 (1.8) | 9.32 (7.86, 11.05) | < 0.0001 |
| AIDS | 102 (1.1) | 15 (0.2) | 7.69 (4.32, 13.71) | < 0.0001 |
| Neurologic conditions | 6205 (64.7) | 2061 (21.5) | 7.47 (6.87, 8.11) | < 0.0001 |
| Fractures (excludes fingers, toes, craniofacial fractures) | 1094 (11.4) | 321 (3.3) | 3.78 (3.21, 4.32) | < 0.0001 |
| Osteoporosis | 1501 (15.6) | 604 (6.3) | 3.03 (2.72, 3.37) | < 0.0001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index value | 3 (1,6) | 0 (0, 2) | < 0.0001 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index > 2 | 5700 (59) | 1519 (16) | 8.99 (8.22, 9.85) | < 0.0001 |
| Number of hospitalizations during 2016 ~ 2017 | 2 (0, 4) | 0 (0, 0) | < 0.0001 | |
| Selected Medications post-index | ||||
| Glucocorticoids | 1200 (12.5) | 1488 (15.5) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.84) | < 0.0001 |
| Dronabinol | 69 (0.7) | 5 (0.1) | 13.8 (5.57, 34.21) | < 0.0001 |
| Megestrol | 93 (1.0) | 19 (0.2) | 4.90 (2.99, 8.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Caloric Supplement | 30 (0.3) | 12 (0.1) | 2.50 (1.28, 4.88) | 0.0073 |
| Testosterone | 14 (0.2) | 36 (0.4) | 0.39 (0.21, 0.72) | 0.0027 |