Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

No	Reference	Study area (years of the survey)	Research design	All Plasmodium spp.	Severe malaria	Deaths	Impaired consciousness	Severe anaemia	Renal impairment	Hyperbilirubinaemia	Pulmonary complications	Shock
1.	Bottieau et al. [26]	Belgium (2000–2005)	Prospective cohort study	P. vivax = 48 P. ovale = 34 P. malariae = 16	P. vivax = 8 P. malariae = 3 P. ovale = 4					P. vivax = 8 P. ovale = 4 P. malariae = 3
2.	Chaparro et al. [23]	Colombia (2010)	Medical records	P. vivax = 82,856 P. falciparum = 32,777 P. malariae = 47 Mixed = 1428	P. falciparum = 282 P. vivax = 293 P. malariae = 6 Mixed = 32		P. vivax = 44 P. falciparum = 59 P. malariae = 1		P. vivax = 66 P. falciparum = 88 P. malariae = 2	P. vivax = 130 P. falciparum = 99 P. malariae = 1	P. vivax = 34 P. falciparum = 31 P. malariae = 2
3.	Douglas et al. [21]	Indonesia (2004–2012)	Medical records	P. falciparum = 44,171 P. vivax = 28,841 P. ovale = 110 P. malariae = 4045 Mixed = 14,206	P. falciparum = 2444 P. vivax = 1050 P. malariae = 95 P. ovale = 0 Mixed = 718			P. falciparum = 2466 P. vivax = 1050 P. ovale = 0 P. malariae = 95 Mixed = 718
4.	Hwang et al. [24]	USA (1985–2011)	Medical records	P. falciparum = 15,272 P. vivax = 12,152 P. ovale = 903 P. malariae = 1254 Mixed = 226	P. falciparum = 1416 P. vivax = 163 P. malariae = 22 P. ovale = 18 Mixed = No report	P. falciparum = 122 P. vivax = 10 P. ovale = 2 P. malariae = 2	P. falciparum = 514 P. vivax = 37 P. ovale = 4 P. malariae = 2	P. falciparum = 140 P. vivax = 16 P. ovale = 6 P. malariae = 3	P. falciparum = 503 P. vivax = 48 P. ovale = 6 P. malariae = 7		P. falciparum = 176 P. vivax = 35 P. ovale = 4 P. malariae = 2
5.	Langford et al. [22]	Indonesia (2004–2013)	Medical records	P. falciparum = 100,078 P. vivax = 65,306 P. ovale = 120 P. malariae = 5097 Mixed = 25,779	P. falciparum = No report P. vivax = No report P. malariae = 232 P. ovale = No report Mixed = No report	P. malariae = 16		P. falciparum = 2521 P. vivax = 1099 P. ovale = 0 P. malariae = 250 Mixed = 782	P. falciparum = 415 P. vivax = 81 P. ovale = 0 P. malariae = 16 Mixed = 84		P. falciparum = 1095 P. vivax = 938 P. ovale = 1 P. malariae = 44 Mixed = 343
6.	Wangdahl et al. [25]	Sweden (1995–2015)	Medical records	P. falciparum = 1548 P. vivax = 776 P. ovale = 188 P. malariae = 61 Mixed = 44	P. falciparum = 146 P. vivax = 60 P. malariae = 2 P. ovale = 10 Mixed = 8	P. falciparum = 3 P. vivax = 0 P. ovale = 0 P. malariae = 0 Mixed = 1	P. falciparum = 28 P. vivax = 1 P. ovale = 1 P. malariae = 0 Mixed = 1	P. falciparum = 16 P. vivax = 15 P. ovale = 0 P. malariae = 1 Mixed = 4	P. falciparum = 31 P. vivax = 1 P. ovale = 0 P. malariae = 0 Mixed = 3	P. falciparum = 66 P. vivax = 28 P. ovale = 6 P. malariae = 0 Mixed = 4	P. falciparum = 15 P. vivax = 4 P. ovale = 2 P. malariae = 0 Mixed = 0	P. falciparum = 33 P. vivax = 8 P. ovale = 2 P. malariae = 1 Mixed = 3
	Total			P. falciparum = 93,768 (four studies: 2, 3, 4, 6) P. vivax = 124,625 (five studies: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) P. malariae = 10,520 (all six studies) P. ovale = 1235 (four studies: 1, 3, 4, 6) Mixed = 15, 678 (three studies: 2, 3, 6)	P. falciparum = 4, 288 (four studies: 2,3,4,6) P. vivax = 1574 (five studies: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) P. malariae = 360 (all six studies) P. ovale = 32 (four studies: 1, 3, 4, 6), Mixed = 758 (three studies: 2, 3, 6)