Table 2.
Complications presented with P. malariae and other Plasmodium spp.
| Major complication (WHO, 2014) | Number of severity signs (severity rate, %) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. malariae (N = 10,520 cases, 6 studies) | P. falciparum (N = 193,846 cases, 5 studies: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) | P. vivax (N = 189,931 cases, 6 studies) | P. ovale (N = 1355 cases) | Mixed infection (N = 41,457 cases) | |
| Acidosis | 0 | 21 (0.01) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pulmonary/lung | 48 (0.46) | 1317 (0.68) | 1011 (0.53) | 7 (0.52) | 343 (0.83) |
| Death | 18 (0.17) | 122 (0.06) | 10 (.0050) | 2 (0.15) | 1 (0.002) |
| Cerebral malaria | 3 (0.03) | 601 (0.31) | 82 (0.04) | 5 (0.37) | 1 (0.002) |
| Convulsions | 0 | 9 (0.005) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Renal impairment | 25 (0.24) | 1037 (0.53) | 218 (0.11) | 6 (0.44) | 87 (0.21) |
| Prostration | 0 | 9 (0.005) | 1 (0.0005) | 0 | 0 |
| Hypotension/shock | 1 (0.01) | 33 (0.02) | 8 (0.004) | 2 (0.15) | 3 (0.007) |
| Jaundice | 4 (0.04) | 165 (0.09) | 166 (0.09) | 6 (0.44) | 4 (0.01) |
| Severe anaemia | 349 (3.32) | 7473 (3.86) | 2886 (1.52) | 9 (0.66) | 1961(4.73) |
| Bleeding/DIC | 0 | 17 (0.009) | 5 (0.003) | 1 (0.07) | 1 (0.002) |
| Hyperparasitaemia | 0 | 57 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.007) |
| Hypoglycaemia | 0 | 2 (0.001) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 448 (4.26) | 10,842 (5.59) | 4387 (2.31) | 38 (2.8) | 2404 (5.8) |