Table 3.

Spearman correlation of Inefficiency association with external variables (N = 91)

External factors	CRS	P-value	VRS	P-value	Scale	P-value
Population (n)	−0.3416***	0.0009	− 0.0558	0.5991	− 0.3606***	0.0004
Hospital bed (n)	0.1029	0.332	0.4398***	0.00	−0.1626	0.1236
Non-Saudi (%)	0.048	0.6514	0.097	0.3605	0.0494	0.6419
Female (%)	−0.1869*	0.0761	−0.0464	0.662	−0.2130**	0.0427
Children (0–5 years) (%)	−0.4763***	0.00	−0.2083**	0.0476	−0.5310***	0.00
Adults (15–45 years) (%)	−0.0626	0.5558	0.0603	0.5699	−0.0987	0.3518
Elderly (> 65 years) (%)	0.0936	0.3776	−0.0603	0.5704	0.1271	0.2298
Infectious disease (%)	−0.5521***	0.00	−0.3643***	0.0004	−0.5300***	0.00
Anti-microbial pres. (n)	−0.0876	0.4092	−0.0152	0.8864	−0.0027	0.9797
Chronic dis. Pres. (n)	−0.0764	0.4715	0.0135	0.8991	−0.0275	0.7957
Financial hardship (n)	−0.4694***	0.00	−0.2343**	0.0254	−0.5261***	0.00
Social support (n)	−0.2450**	0.0193	−0.0292	0.7838	−0.3220***	0.0019

CRS, constant return to scale; VRS, variable return to scale; Non-Saudi, percent of non-Saudi; Female, the proportion of female; Infectious disease, percentage of infectious diseases, Anti-microbial pres., amount of antimicrobial dispensed medications; Chronic dis. Pres., chronic medications dispensed; Financial hardship, the number of the population faced financial hardship; Social support, number received benefits of social-economic support. *Significant at the 0.10 level. **Significant at the 0.05 level. ***Significant at the 0.01 level