Fig. 1.

Cisplatin induces tubular injury, DNA damage, and cell death in kidney organoids. A: schematic of cisplatin treatment on kidney organoids. CHIR, chemical compound CHIR99021 used as in Ref. 19. B: quantitative PCR showing elevated expression of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) with increasing doses of cisplatin. C–E: immunohistochemistry staining on paraffin sections of day 14 organoids and quantification showing levels of tubular injury marker kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM1; colocalized to Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL)⁺ proximal tubule; C, inset], DNA damage marker γH2AX, and cell death marker TUNEL increased with 25 and 50 µM cisplatin. d, day; ns, not significant. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ****P ≤ 0.0001. Scale bars = 100 μm.