Fig. 3.
More CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and broadly neutralizing antibodies were elicited to give broader cross-protection by cHAmg with adjuvant C34. BALB/c mice were immunized with cHAfg and cHAmg with adjuvant Al(OH)3 or C34; cells from spleens of immunized mice were obtained after three immunizations, and the IFN-γ (A), IL-4 (B), and GzB (C)-secreting cells were determined by ELISpot assay using specific peptides. The number of spot-forming cells (SFCs) is expressed as mean ± SEM. The neutralization activities of antisera from cHAfg- and cHAmg-vaccinated mice were assayed against (D) H1N1 virus, and (E) H5N1 virus. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Results were calculated with Prism software using Student’s t test and two-way ANOVA; significant differences were marked as *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.