Fig. 4. Electrochemical characteristics of SF@G tested at different rates.

a Capacity of SF@G, SF@G-HF, and SF cycled at different rates from 0.8 to 20 A g⁻¹ (ten cycles for each rate). b Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of SF@G at various rates. c Capacity of SF@G at annotated rates, comparing with typical Si/C anodes with conventional interfacial binding modes as noted. d Volumetric capacity of SF@G, SF@G-HF, and SF at various rates. e Volumetric capacity at annotated current rates for SF@G with some representative Si anodes reported in the literatures as noted. f Areal capacity of SF@G at various active material mass loadings. g The b-value of anodic (0.51 V and 0.35 V) and cathodic (0.21 V) peaks for SF@G, SF@G-HF, and SF, derived from cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments at various sweep rates.