Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Total population | Patients with CKD stages G3–G5 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.8 ± 16.2 | 59.9 ± 14.6 |
| Male (%) | 49.6 | 58.0 |
| HTN (%) | 30.0 | 47.4 |
| DM (%) | 22.3 | 29.0 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 68.4 ± 30.8 | 36.1 ± 17.1 |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 651.2 ± 11,962.9 | 992.9 ± 2,325.6 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.1 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.8 |
| Serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 1.1 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.6 |
| Serum total CO2 (mmol/L) | 26.1 ± 3.9 | 24.2 ± 4.5 |
| Development of ESRD (%) | 11.5 | 28.0 |
| Observational time (years) | 4.0 ± 4.2 | 4.1 ± 4.1 |
CKD chronic kidney disease, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, GFR glomerular filtration rate, ESRD end-stage renal disease.