Fig. 1.

Data represent median costs ± standard error of the mean (SEM). # Reference group, normalized to a cost of 1.0. * p  < 0.05 as compared with left-sided neighboring value per Kruskal–Wallis tests and Tukey's multiple pair-wise comparison tests. Values over graph bars represent fold-change differences relative to the reference group. The dotted line represents the normalized cost of the reference group. BB, Bier's block; GA, general anesthesia; MAC, monitored anesthesia care; OR, operating room; PR, procedure room.